Discount Watches: July 2013

2013-07-31

Raspberry Pi cooks up the Picrowave Raspberry Pi Gadget Master

2013/07/31

Raspberry Pi microwave How does the saying go – “Set a thief to catch a thief”? Well, this one caught my eye – use a Raspberry Pi to cook a Raspberry pie! It’s a Pi-powered Microwave, that knows how to cook your food and that even talks to you.

It was highlighted on the element14.com website, and is the work of one Nathan Broadbent. He was inspired by a post on Reddit, titled: Food items should have QR codes that instruct the microwave exactly what to do. Like high for 2 minutes, let stand 1 minute, medium 1 minutes…

He took this as a challenge, and – armed with a Raspberry Pi – went to work…

But what can a Pi can bring to electromagnetic radiation-based cooking? Well, added features of the “Picrowave” that he lists include:

Re-designed touchpad
Nicer sounds
Clock is automatically updated from the internet
Can be controlled with voice commands
Can use a barcode scanner to look up cooking instructions from an online database
There weren’t any online microwave cooking databases around, so I made one: http://microwavecookingdb.com
The microwave has a web page so you can control it from your phone (why not), and set up cooking instructions for products
Tweets after it’s finished cooking something (See https://twitter.com/rbmicrowave)

Check it out in action below:

Also, do see his website, the Raspberry Pi Microwave section. There is a lot of detailed information, including a look at the PCB, how he dealt with the old touchpad overlay, his management of registeers, using the WiringPi library, and much more…

For example, Nathan writes:

I used shift registers and optocouplers to control the touchpad pins. To listen for touchpad presses, an output shift register scans one line at a time on the first touchpad layer, and an input shift register listens for connections to the second layer.
I unsoldered the touchpad connector from the original circuit board, and replaced it with a row of pin headers. I then used the original touchpad connector on my PCB, so that my circuit acts as a kind of proxy for button presses.

Hide, ambush, kill, eat: The giant water bug Lethocerus patruelis kills a fish

Lethocerus patruelis is a member of the family Belostomatidae also known as electric light bugs or toe biters. These bugs are fierce predators which stalk, capture and feed on aquatic crustaceans, fish and amphibians. When they strike, they inject strong digestive saliva, sucking out the liquefied remains to feed. This powerful hunting tool gave the family its common name, referring to the extremely painful bite from the Belostomatidae members. Their bite is considered one of the most painful that can be ever inflicted by any insect but it is of no medical significance.

During their study of the giant water bug N. Simov and M. Langourov from the study team had the unique chance to witness and record on video the vicious predatory practices of the species. In the recorded material, a larva uses the stems of a water plant to stalk and ambush its unsuspicious pray. The giant water bug larva can be seen storming from its cover and catching and injecting saliva into a small fish.

During the last ten years, many new findings of L. patruelis were made by the team in Southern Bulgaria, providing evidence that the giant water bug is expanding its territory northwards. Such a wide and abundant distribution of the species in these regions would be a further sign of the recent changes of European bug fauna caused by climate change and an important clue for the effects of global warming.

Video: http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/59841.php?from=245631

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Could planting trees in the desert mitigate climate change?

July 31, 2013 — As the world starts feeling the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequent global temperature rise, researchers are looking for a Plan B to mitigate climate change. A group of German scientists has now come up with an environmentally friendly method that they say could do just that. The technique, dubbed carbon farming, consists in planting trees in arid regions on a large scale to capture CO₂.

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They publish their study today in Earth System Dynamics, a journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU).

"Carbon farming addresses the root source of climate change: the emission of carbon dioxide by human activities," says first-author Klaus Becker of the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart.

"Nature does it better," adds Becker's colleague Volker Wulfmeyer, "if we understand and can make use of it in a sustainable manner."

When it comes to sequestering carbon from the atmosphere, the team shows that Jatropha curcas does it better. This small tree is very resistant to aridity so it can be planted in hot and dry land in soil unsuitable for food production. The plant does need water to grow though, so coastal areas where desalinated seawater can be made available are ideal.

"To our knowledge, this is the first time experts in irrigation, desalination, carbon sequestration, economics and atmospheric sciences have come together to analyse the feasibility of a large-scale plantation to capture carbon dioxide in a comprehensive manner. We did this by applying a series of computer models and using data from Jatropha curcas plantations in Egypt, India and Madagascar," says Wulfmeyer.

The new Earth System Dynamics study shows that one hectare of Jatropha curcas could capture up to 25 tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year, over a 20 year period. A plantation taking up only about 3% of the Arabian Desert, for example, could absorb in a couple of decades all the CO₂.produced by motor vehicles in Germany over the same period. With about one billion hectares suitable for carbon farming, the method could sequester a significant portion of the CO₂.added to the atmosphere since the industrial revolution.

But there are more advantages. Carbon farming's price tag ranges from 42 to 63 euros per tonne of CO₂. making it competitive with other CO₂.reduction techniques such as carbon capture and storage. Further, after a few years, the plants would produce bioenergy (in the form of tree trimmings) to support the power production required for the desalination and irrigation systems.

"From our point of view, afforestation as a geoengineering option for carbon sequestration is the most efficient and environmentally safe approach for climate change mitigation. Vegetation has played a key role in the global carbon cycle for millions of years, in contrast to many technical and very expensive geoengineering techniques," explains Becker.

The main limitations to implementing this method are lack of funding and little knowledge of the benefits large-scale plantations could have in the regional climate, which can include increase of cloud coverage and rainfall. The newEarth System Dynamics paper presents results of simulations looking into these aspects, but there is still a lack of experimental data on the effects of greening arid regions. Also, potential detrimental effects such as the accumulation of salt in desert soils need to be evaluated carefully.

The team hopes the new research will get enough people informed about carbon farming to establish a pilot project. "We strongly recommend more emphasis is put on this technology -- at both small and large scales -- and that more research is done to investigate its benefits in comparison to other geoengineering approaches," concludes Wulfmeyer.

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Business Booming NAND compensates for rotten PC and TV sales at Toshiba

2013/07/31

Declining PC and TV markets are being compensated for by booming NAND sales at Toshiba

Toshiba made only $248 million profit in calendar Q2 on sales of $14 billion.

Whereas Toshiba’s TV and PC businesses lost a combined $183 million in Q2, NAND made a profit of $488 million.

Toshiba still expects to make $2.6 billion profit in the year to the end of March 2014.

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Polar ecosystems acutely vulnerable to sunlight-driven tipping points

July 31, 2013 — Slight changes in the timing of the annual loss of sea-ice in polar regions could have dire consequences for polar ecosystems, by allowing a lot more sunlight to reach the sea floor.

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The research by scientists at UNSW and the Australian Antarctic Division predicts that biodiversity on some areas of the polar seabed could be reduced by as much as one third within decades, as the poles warm.

The study, Light-driven tipping points in polar ecosystems, will be published in the journal Global Change Biology.

Dr Graeme Clark, of the UNSW School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, says the team's research shows that polar ecosystems may be even more sensitive to climate change than previously thought.

"Even a slight shift in the date of the annual sea-ice departure could cause a tipping point, leading to widespread ecosystem shifts. On the Antarctic coast this may cause unique, invertebrate-dominated communities that are adapted to the dark conditions to be replaced by algal beds, which thrive on light, significantly reducing biodiversity," Dr Clark says.

The invertebrates lost could include sponges, moss animals, sea squirts and worms. These animals perform important functions such as filtering of water and recycling of nutrients and provide a food source for fish and other creatures.

"This is a prime example of the large-scale ecological impacts that humans can impose through global warming -- even in places as remote as Antarctica," says UNSW team member, Associate Professor Emma Johnston.

"Our modelling shows that recent changes in ice and snow cover at the poles have already transformed the amount of light reaching large areas of the Arctic and Antarctic annually."

For the study, the team deployed light meters on the sea floor at seven sites near Casey Station in Antarctica, at depths of up to 10 metres. They used cameras to photograph the coast at midday every day for two and a half years, to determine sea-ice cover.

They determined the growth rates of Antarctic algae in the lab in different light conditions, and conducted experiments in Antarctic waters to test the sensitivity of algae to available light. They also surveyed species living on sub-tidal boulders, to see how communities varied with ice cover.

Tipping points are events where small changes in environmental conditions cause rapid and extensive ecological change.

The amount of sunlight reaching the poles is highly dependent on the seasons because Earth's tilt causes the sun to be above the horizon for considerably longer during summer than winter, and the lower solar angle during winter increases reflectance from the water surface.

"Early melt that brings the date of sea-ice loss closer to midsummer will cause an exponential increase in the amount of sunlight reaching some areas per year," says Dr Clark.

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Inorganics-in-organics technology improves harvesting for 4G solar energy University of Surrey Universities - Electronics Research

July 31, 2013

Professor Ravi Silva The University of Surrey is reporting on a development that “opens the door for more efficient, cost-effective and larger scale solar power generation“.

Professor Ravi Silva, of the university’s Advanced Technology Institute has identified the range of combinations of organic and inorganic materials that will underpin new 4th generation solar cell technology.

According to their report:

The new 4G solar cells defined by Professor Silva are a hybrid that combine the low cost and flexibility of conducting polymer films (organic materials) with the lifetime stability of novel nanostructures (inorganic materials). This ‘inorganics-in-organics’ technology improves the harvesting of solar energy and its conversion into electricity, offering better efficiency than the current 3G solar cells while maintaining their low cost base. In turn, these 3G cells offer significant cost improvements on first and second generation solar cells – based on crystalline and polycrystalline silicon – which are still responsible for over 90% of the solar power being generated today.
Along with a number of notable research institutions, the University of Surrey is part of the European Union FP7 SMARTONICS programme – a €11.6m project led by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. This project is currently developing the smart machines, tools and processes for large-scale production of 4G solar cells, using roll-to-roll printing technology for high throughput and cost-efficient fabrication.

Professor Ravi Silva outlined the new 4G technology in a keynote address at the 10th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NN13). He said: “These new generation materials for solar cells have been truly engineered at the nanoscale. They are designed to maximise the harvesting of solar radiation, and thereby efficiently generate electricity.”

The university also highlights the falling cost of solar electricity. In many parts of the world, he maintained, it now competes with grid electricity in terms of cost, and since it requires less infrastructure, solar power can also be used in areas where conventional electricity is not an option.

You can find Professor Silva’s 4G solar cell review article in the Nanoscale journal (DOI: 10.1039/C3NR02733C).

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寿山石行业融资缘何一难再难

　　近两年来，市场陆续出现了一些办理寿山石质押贷款和典当业务的广告，针对寿山石的金融服务正在兴起和逐步发展已是不争的事实。多数业内人士对这一市场现象的解读为：这是由于寿山石市场在量、价两个方面由高速增长急转理性和冷静后，少数经营者由于前期吸纳货品偏多，出现暂时资金困难所致。我以为这一现象还有更深层次的必然因素，寿山石行业经过这么多年的发展，已经走到了需要金融支持的阶段。

　　在寿山石连续多年的大幅度涨价，经营者获利颇丰的同时，经营资金的需求也水涨船高，即使简单维持原有的经营规模，也需要有增量流动资金注入。

　　照理说，对于获利大大超过平均利润率的经营者来讲，将利润转入流动资金可能足矣；而获利仅达平均利润率或低于平均利润率的经营者，光靠利润转入，不要谈扩大，就连维持原有规模恐怕也有一定难度，他们更需要寻求新的资金来源。

　　另一方面，这几年，市场格局也随着寿山石的普及而发生变化，由过去的小而散，出现了向较大规模发展的趋势。单干的雕工不少成长为有一定规模的“工作室”，有规模就能增加产品种类、层次及风格的覆盖面，不仅方便了消费者，也成为吸引消费者，增加销售额的重要手段，同时也降低了相对管理费用。经营者中也出现了由几十平方米的小店，扩展到几百甚至上千平方米的“会所”、“会馆”和“中心”。其好处和在行业中的竞争优势是显而易见的，随着规模的扩大，他们对流动资金的需求也相应放大。

　　总之，目前的市场现象是发展阶段的必然表现，而不是一个行情波动造成的暂时现象。到了这个阶段，无论行情好与坏，市场都会呼唤金融支持。

　　市场有需求，银行也有发展这一块业务的愿望，但几年下来，寿山石业者直接向银行取得流动资金的贷款迟迟难见进展，而融资成本大大高于银行贷款的民间借贷或类似民间借贷，却在稳步发展。究其原因，我以为主要还是寿山石行业的特点，以及一些传统做法与银行无法接轨受到种种制约所致，归纳起来有以下几个方面。

　　1、小农经济思想观念的制约

　　寿山石业界较普遍存在一种怕人知道自己“借钱”的思想。其实，在商品经济社会中，为了维持和扩大生产经营活动，贷入必要的资金是一种很正常的甚至是必不可少的经济行为，绝不表示借贷人没有实力。当然借贷规模应与自有资金规模、现金流和盈利能力构成一个适当的比例。

　　2、借贷主体的制约

　　寿山石经营者在过去很长一段时间里，大部分都没有工商营业执照和税务执照。现在情况虽有了很大改变，但绝大部分都是登记为个体工商户，注册资金非常小。以这样的主体向银行申请贷款，即使能批下来，规模也十分有限，根本无法满足经营需求，业者只好放弃企业贷而走个贷；若真实反映经营者实际资金状况和经营规模，也许会增加一些税费开支，但换来的是较高贷款规模的融资平台，以及银行为企业贷提供的各种优惠及便利服务，从长远及有利于自身发展来看倒是划算的。

TAG:寿山石行业融资缘何一难再难

Two pin crowbar protects from open circuit strings Driver Led Luminaries

2013/07/31

07aug13OnLed For protecting drivers when an LED goes open circuit, NUD4700 from On Semi is a 2x4mm electronic shunt, claming to clamp to 1V in what looks like less than 100ns, according to the data sheet.

As well as protecting the driver, it will keep the rest of a string of LEDs functioning.

“It provides a current bypass in the case of a single LED going into open circuit. LEDs are by nature quite fragile when subjected to transients and surge conditions. There are also many cases where high reliability of the LED lighting must be maintained such as headlights, lighthouses, bridges, aircraft, runways and so forth. In these cases the low cost addition of the NUD4700 will provide full assurance that an entire string of LEDs will not extinguish should one LED fail,” said the firm.

This device is designed to be used with 1W LEDs (nominally 350mA 3V) and has a breakdown voltage of between 5.5 and 7.5V.

On a 26x26mm copper pad, which can be shared with the LED as only one of them will be dissipating at any moment, the chip is rated up to 1.3A – or 376mA on a minimal copper site.

“Since the NUD4700 has a voltage that is nominally 30% of the LED, then the power dissipation would be easily handled by the same heat sink as the LED,” said On.

Also according to the data sheet, the chip “automatically resets itself if the LED heals itself or is replaced”, but exactly how this works is not obvious from the various hold current and hold voltage figures provided.

Parasitic current leakage when the LED is working properly is 250µA.

The firm also expects the chip to be used as a crowbar to protect sensitive circuits.

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Sign up for the Made By Monkeys newsletter Uncategorized Made By Monkeys

2013/07/31

Don’t forget that you can sign up for the Made By Monkeys newsletter to ensure you receive the latest and greatest posts, straight to your inbox!

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Business Micron and Elpida complete acquisition

2013/07/31

Micron has also completed its purchase of Powerchip’s 24% stake in Rexchip and has 100% control of Rexchip’s output.

The deal gives Micron a 25% share of the world DRAM market. This is the same as Hyinx’s market share and behind Samsung’s 42% share.

Elpida has a 300mm fab in Hiroshima and a test and assembly facility in Akita; Rexchip has a 300mm fab in Taiwan.

Elpida and Rexchip together can produce more than 185,000 300mm wafers per month, which represents an approximate 45% increase in Micron’s current manufacturing capacity.

Elpida is strong in mobile DRAM, targeting mobile phones and tablets which complements Micron’s strength in DRAM for networking and servers.

“We are pleased to bring together Elpida with Micron to form the industry’s leading pure-play memory company. This combination will result in enhanced R&D and manufacturing scale, significant cost and production synergies and a stronger memory product portfolio to provide solutions to our customers,” said Micron CEO Mark Durcan.

Yukio Sakamoto, CEO, President and co-trustee of Elpida, announced his resignation from Elpida. Micron and Elpida announced that Yoshitaka Kinoshita will replace Mr. Sakamoto as the President, Representative Director and Business Trustee of Elpida and become the President of Micron Japan.

“I want to personally thank Sakamoto-san for his efforts in helping bring Elpida and Micron together. I look forward to working with Kinoshita-san as we seek to strengthen our combined teams,” said Durcan.

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Texas Instruments writes Bluetooth Smart SensorTag app for Android Features Eyes On Android

2013/07/31

TI CC2541-based SensorTag Texas Instruments has announced a Bluetooth Smart SensorTag app for Android. Android 4.3 “Jelly Bean” now has native support of Bluetooth Smart Ready.

It has been designed to work with TI’s CC2541-basedSensorTag, which has six commonly used sensors on a single board for evaluation and demos.

“The addition of Bluetooth Smart support in Android 4.3 is a huge growth opportunity for the market, making it possible for Bluetooth Smart appcessories to workwith all OSs,” said Suke Jawanda, chief marketing officer, Bluetooth SIG.

The SensorTag’s six integrated sensors include the TMP006 contactless IR temperature sensor, and there is a royalty-free BLE-Stack software which works with the SensorTag with firmware updates.

Download the free SensorTag app for Android 4.3 on the TI website »

The SensorTag kit (CC2541DK-SENSOR) costs $25 and is available on the TI eStore and from distributors.

Also, see TI’s own guide: How to get started with Bluetooth Smart for Android 4.3 »

Richard Wilson

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How did Earth's primitive chemistry get kick started?

Two papers published recently in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B provide more detail on the chemical and precursor metabolic reactions that have to take place to pave the pathway for life. Russell and his co-authors describe how the interactions between the earliest oceans and alkaline hydrothermal fluids likely produced acetate (comparable to vinegar). The acetate is a product of methane and hydrogen from the alkaline hydrothermal vents and carbon dioxide dissolved in the surrounding ocean. Once this early chemical pathway was forged, acetate could become the basis of other biological molecules. They also describe how two kinds of "nano-engines" that create organic carbon and polymers -- energy currency of the first cells -- could have been assembled from inorganic minerals.

A paper published in the journal Biochimica et Biophysica Acta analyzes the structural similarity between the most ancient enzymes of life and minerals precipitated at these alkaline vents, an indication that the first life didn't have to invent its first catalysts and engines.

"Our work on alkaline hot springs on the ocean floor makes what we believe is the most plausible case for the origin of the life's building blocks and its energy supply," Russell said. "Our hypothesis is testable, has the right assortment of ingredients and obeys the laws of thermodynamics."

Russell's work was funded by the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the Icy Worlds team based at JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. The NASA Astrobiology Institute, based at NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., is a partnership among NASA, 15 U.S. teams and 13 international consortia. The Institute is part of NASA's astrobiology program, which supports research into the origin, evolution, distribution and future of life on Earth and the potential for life elsewhere.

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Aquatic playground can turn water tanks into fish schools

July 30, 2013 — Raising fish in tanks that contain hiding places and other obstacles can make the fish both smarter and improve their chances of survival when they are released into the wild, according to an international team of researchers.

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"It's a key problem in that we are very good at rearing fish, but we're really not very good at releasing those animals in the wild such that they survive," said Victoria Braithwaite, professor of fisheries and biology, Penn State. "There's a mismatch between the way we raise them and the real world."

Juvenile Atlantic salmon raised in tanks that including pebble and rock hiding places and floating artificial plants were better able to navigate mazes and showed signs of improved brain function compared to the salmon reared in standard hatchery tanks, Braithwaite said. This may help conservation fish hatcheries raise and release fish that are better adapted to survive in the wild.

Conservation fish hatcheries raise cod, salmon, trout and other types of fish and release them in places where their species may be threatened, or where their populations are declining.

"The philosophy of most fish hatcheries is to rear a large number of fish and hope some survive," said Braithwaite. "What this study is suggesting is that you could raise fewer, but smarter fish, and you will still have higher survivability once you release them."

The researchers, who released their findings today (July 31) in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, placed pebbles and rocks at the bottom of the tank and added plastic plants weighted down so they would float vertically in the water. Braithwaite said the objects created a more natural, three-dimensional ecosystem.

"In the hatchery the world is homogenous, life is boring and monotonous," Braithwaite said. "The water flow is the same, you don't have to find your food and you don't have to avoid predators."

The researchers also moved the objects around about once a week during the eight-week study, which took place in Norway.

When the researchers placed the salmon in a maze, the fish raised in the enriched tanks made fewer mistakes when trying to escape the maze, Braithwaite said. The performance of the salmon from the enriched tank continued to improve with each trial, and they learned to solve the maze much faster than fish reared the standard way.

The brains of the fish from the enriched tank were also different from the fish raised in the standard hatchery tanks, according to the researchers.

They noted increased expressions of a gene in a region of the fish's brain that is associated with learning and memory, an indication of increased brain function and growth. The fish raised in standard tanks did not show this sign of increased brain development.

Interacting with the environment can influence gene expression in the brain, Braithwaite said.

"The brain is a very plastic organ, it's a dynamic structure," said Braithwaite, who worked with Ann Gro Vea Salvanes, professor of biology; Olav

Moberg, doctoral student; Tome Ole Nilsen, researcher in marine development biology; Knut Helge Jensen, senior engineer in evolutionary ecology, all at the University of Bergen, Norway; and Lars O.E. Ebbesson, group leader of integrative fish biology, Uni Research, Bergen. Braithwaite said the enriched tanks created significant improvement in the intelligence and adaptability of the fish, but were relatively inexpensive and easy to implement. Owners of fish hatcheries should be able to afford the creation of enhanced tanks.

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