During Halloween, you can absolutely freak out and have shrieking fun, by giving over to your naughty side. Halloween has its origin in earliest Celtic Samhain, a New Year festival. They used to dress up in scary Halloween costumes, extinguish every light in their houses, created bonfires and tendered sacrifices to ward off rising dead who were supposed to seize earthly souls. Over time, creepy aspects of Halloween milieu altered to playful tenor like trick-or-treating practice.
Since border line amid world of living and dead thins down on Halloween, you can dapper up with freaky, Scary Halloween Costumes of goblins, ghouls, ghosts, werewolves, monsters and witches and play pranks. There are many ways to do it like:
Dressing in black sweatpants/leggings, plain sweatshirts in black/navy blue and black noiseless shoes. Put on werewolf/wolf mask and on teeth some paint that glow-in-dark. Hide behind bushes and scare friends by making noises and shine a flashlight on your luminous teeth, jump out at them on all fours snarling and revealing your teeth and dart away out-of-reach.
Sticking some phony fingernails to fingers of a couple of left gloves and ring-pinky area and tape those to make claw shape with thin strips of paper mache. Put one on and twist fingers to create a fist. Cut in middle of a Freddy mask and Jason mask and stitch left half of one to the right half of other mask. Instead of your candy box, a black box with a panel removed from its side for someone to hide inside is placed. On the right foot of a scarecrow sitting atop the box cut a hole. Its hand must be on the candy bowl placed over its lap and a string is bound from its wrist to upper arm within its sleeve. String is taken out to rear of the box for person within it to tug to shift scarecrow s arm. That person shoots out right arm and grabs the legs of nearby people. After a while he/she takes out scythe and float around to terrorize others. Second person wears other two gloves and costume and place left claw on somebody and scare people from behind the bushes.
Reproduce and wear FRANK S costume (Donnie Darko) and stand behind someone s window to frighten them and then run off.
Put on a menacing mask and leave a candy bowl at somebody s doorstep, ring the bell and jump out with a bloodcurdling scream.
How To Scare Someone On Halloween
Previous：How To Prevent Injuries In Actively Playing Volleyball
2010-09-29
How To Rent Woody Allen Films-Replica Watches
The title of this article somewhat belies the seeming simplicity of the action.
After all, if you want to rent a Woody Allen film it's simple: you just need to drop in on your local DVD rental place or add it to your list online and away you go. And that would be true if the title was 'How to Rent A Woody Allen Film'.
Renting several of this talented director's films, however, is enough to lead to fatigue, disillusionment and cynicism. All of things, in fact, that Woody Allen protagonists usually feel, minus some very beautiful women.
Why this Allen-attack, this Woody-wrangled DVD rental fiasco Well, because although Woody Allen has written and directed some modern classics he's also done a lot that's just ok and a few things that are absolutely dire.
If you want to watch them all you need a strategy to get through it. This is a cinematic Everest that many have tried and failed to reach the pinnacle of.
Finding the films that he's directed is a simple task and it's doubly simple if you use a rental site with a decent search facility such as Blockbuster DVD rental.
Then, to keep things simple, narrow it down to those films which Allen has directed - as opposed to those for which he merely contributed to the writing or acted - those he's directed are the ones with a really distinctively Allen-ish style.
Even having done that you're left with fifty-four films so it's strategy time.
First, make yourself fall in love with Allen. This is easily done. Just grab a copy of Annie Hall or Manhattan for your first film.
Sine you'll get this when you're on your DVD rental free trial too the warm glow that it'll likely to create will only help.
Next, make sure you keep mixing the Allen oeuvre up to keep your interest up.
Pick a more recent title such as semi-questionable potboilers Vicky Christina Barcelona or Match Point and then switch back to a bona fide classic like Zelig to avoid decrying Allen as a Euro-phile.
Move onto some comedies - Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex is a very light watch and so is Take the Money and Run.
Once you're getting nicely ensconced in these then sit down and watch The Purple Rose of Cairo - Allen's movies eating themselves.
The plot is about a film watched by Cecilia - Mia Farrow - who then watches as the film's protagonists emerges from the black-and-white film into the colorful real world on the other side of the cinema's screen.
Take a meander through some of the other films but make sure you end on a high note: I'd go for one of Allen's most optimistic films Hannah and Her Sisters.
How To Rent Woody Allen Films
Previous：How To Make Airport Travel Less Stressful
After all, if you want to rent a Woody Allen film it's simple: you just need to drop in on your local DVD rental place or add it to your list online and away you go. And that would be true if the title was 'How to Rent A Woody Allen Film'.
Renting several of this talented director's films, however, is enough to lead to fatigue, disillusionment and cynicism. All of things, in fact, that Woody Allen protagonists usually feel, minus some very beautiful women.
Why this Allen-attack, this Woody-wrangled DVD rental fiasco Well, because although Woody Allen has written and directed some modern classics he's also done a lot that's just ok and a few things that are absolutely dire.
If you want to watch them all you need a strategy to get through it. This is a cinematic Everest that many have tried and failed to reach the pinnacle of.
Finding the films that he's directed is a simple task and it's doubly simple if you use a rental site with a decent search facility such as Blockbuster DVD rental.
Then, to keep things simple, narrow it down to those films which Allen has directed - as opposed to those for which he merely contributed to the writing or acted - those he's directed are the ones with a really distinctively Allen-ish style.
Even having done that you're left with fifty-four films so it's strategy time.
First, make yourself fall in love with Allen. This is easily done. Just grab a copy of Annie Hall or Manhattan for your first film.
Sine you'll get this when you're on your DVD rental free trial too the warm glow that it'll likely to create will only help.
Next, make sure you keep mixing the Allen oeuvre up to keep your interest up.
Pick a more recent title such as semi-questionable potboilers Vicky Christina Barcelona or Match Point and then switch back to a bona fide classic like Zelig to avoid decrying Allen as a Euro-phile.
Move onto some comedies - Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex is a very light watch and so is Take the Money and Run.
Once you're getting nicely ensconced in these then sit down and watch The Purple Rose of Cairo - Allen's movies eating themselves.
The plot is about a film watched by Cecilia - Mia Farrow - who then watches as the film's protagonists emerges from the black-and-white film into the colorful real world on the other side of the cinema's screen.
Take a meander through some of the other films but make sure you end on a high note: I'd go for one of Allen's most optimistic films Hannah and Her Sisters.
How To Rent Woody Allen Films
Previous：How To Make Airport Travel Less Stressful
How To Prevent Injuries In Actively Playing Volleyball-Replica Watches
The ideal way to clear injuries is not to get them in the 1st location.
Definitely, this is a somewhat persuasive statement, but couple of items get much less sympathy than bluster on crutches. There are plenty of issues that can be carried out to aid stop injuries.
* Excellent participating in surface. Sand is the safest, followed by wooden sprung health club floor - in no way play on bare concrete.
Gym floors should be dry and clean - both sweat and dust enable feet to slide which causes sprains.
* Risk-free Posts. Padding is accessible to cover metal posts.
If anchor ropes are utilized to maintain the post make positive anyone understands that the area all-around them is out of bounds.
* Excellent volleyball: for their 1st number of sessions low sting balls are available for the beginners that will need them. Unless you're attempting to put them away for life, don't use soccer balls.
* Personal security equipment: Shoes with great grip and not built up as well large, knee pads and for the girls... a sports activities bra and hip pads if you dive all over a great deal. Newbie s that bruise effortlessly may possibly also advantage from elasticized assistance bandage on the wrists or prolonged sleeves.
* Jewellery... Snagging an earring in the net does not occur usually, but it's amazing when it does. Angular rings and watches can result in nasty scratches, and watches will bruise the wrists in the course of digs (forearm pass)
* Glasses: Sports activities goggles, shatter resistant lenses and get in touch with lenses all provide better protection than typical glasses.
* Match... Be fit sufficient to perform / train at your level. As nicely as delivering strength, muscle groups are also shock absorbers and aid stabilize joints
* Tiredness... standard illness insufficient sleep and lack of health and fitness are examples of states wherever you're unlikely to be sufficiently lucid to be secure on court.
Not only unsafe for your self but even worse - unsafe for the other avid gamers there.
* Light cozy-up and stretching... cold, stiff muscles tend to get pulled, cozy muscle groups are more rapidly. Warming up stimulates the production of synovial fluid, which assists lubricate and cushion joints. Note: the warm-up prepares the entire body just before much more intense exercise, if the hot-up begins away too vigorously, you'll be damaging un-prepared, cold muscle tissues and joints through the warm-up itself. If you want to do physical fitness training in the session then do it some time soon after the warm up but not instead of the hot up
* Ground control... Make certain that bags, clothes and so on don't spread from the edges of the fitness center into the actively playing area, and that unattended balls don't drift behind players.
* Secure drills: Some workout routines, drills and 'plays' result in numerous injuries, there's always a satisfactory, safer option.
* Realize the sport. If you know the most likely trajectories of the ball and the game enthusiasts you're much less probably to end up in unsafe positions.
* Prevent the net line... The rule that makes it possible for you to set most of your foot over the centre collection ought to have been eliminated many years ago.
An ankle sprained by landing on an individual else's foot often takes longer to heal than a broken bone.
(A single week on crutches and an 8-12 week recovery is standard) Train your self not to get so close to the net when you hit.
Begin a bit additional back and to reach forward much more when you block.
Campaign for a 'no foot on the collection rule'.
Beware the stray feet of beginners and basketball avid gamers!
How To Prevent Injuries In Actively Playing Volleyball
Previous：How To Figure Out Your Bra Size
Definitely, this is a somewhat persuasive statement, but couple of items get much less sympathy than bluster on crutches. There are plenty of issues that can be carried out to aid stop injuries.
* Excellent participating in surface. Sand is the safest, followed by wooden sprung health club floor - in no way play on bare concrete.
Gym floors should be dry and clean - both sweat and dust enable feet to slide which causes sprains.
* Risk-free Posts. Padding is accessible to cover metal posts.
If anchor ropes are utilized to maintain the post make positive anyone understands that the area all-around them is out of bounds.
* Excellent volleyball: for their 1st number of sessions low sting balls are available for the beginners that will need them. Unless you're attempting to put them away for life, don't use soccer balls.
* Personal security equipment: Shoes with great grip and not built up as well large, knee pads and for the girls... a sports activities bra and hip pads if you dive all over a great deal. Newbie s that bruise effortlessly may possibly also advantage from elasticized assistance bandage on the wrists or prolonged sleeves.
* Jewellery... Snagging an earring in the net does not occur usually, but it's amazing when it does. Angular rings and watches can result in nasty scratches, and watches will bruise the wrists in the course of digs (forearm pass)
* Glasses: Sports activities goggles, shatter resistant lenses and get in touch with lenses all provide better protection than typical glasses.
* Match... Be fit sufficient to perform / train at your level. As nicely as delivering strength, muscle groups are also shock absorbers and aid stabilize joints
* Tiredness... standard illness insufficient sleep and lack of health and fitness are examples of states wherever you're unlikely to be sufficiently lucid to be secure on court.
Not only unsafe for your self but even worse - unsafe for the other avid gamers there.
* Light cozy-up and stretching... cold, stiff muscles tend to get pulled, cozy muscle groups are more rapidly. Warming up stimulates the production of synovial fluid, which assists lubricate and cushion joints. Note: the warm-up prepares the entire body just before much more intense exercise, if the hot-up begins away too vigorously, you'll be damaging un-prepared, cold muscle tissues and joints through the warm-up itself. If you want to do physical fitness training in the session then do it some time soon after the warm up but not instead of the hot up
* Ground control... Make certain that bags, clothes and so on don't spread from the edges of the fitness center into the actively playing area, and that unattended balls don't drift behind players.
* Secure drills: Some workout routines, drills and 'plays' result in numerous injuries, there's always a satisfactory, safer option.
* Realize the sport. If you know the most likely trajectories of the ball and the game enthusiasts you're much less probably to end up in unsafe positions.
* Prevent the net line... The rule that makes it possible for you to set most of your foot over the centre collection ought to have been eliminated many years ago.
An ankle sprained by landing on an individual else's foot often takes longer to heal than a broken bone.
(A single week on crutches and an 8-12 week recovery is standard) Train your self not to get so close to the net when you hit.
Begin a bit additional back and to reach forward much more when you block.
Campaign for a 'no foot on the collection rule'.
Beware the stray feet of beginners and basketball avid gamers!
How To Prevent Injuries In Actively Playing Volleyball
Previous：How To Figure Out Your Bra Size
How To Manually Open Your Pandora Bracelet-Replica Watches
Pandora jewelry has been making waves in different countries all across the globe since its inception in 1999. Originating in Denmark, Pandora jewelry is now being sold in 18 different countries, including the United States.
One of the things that make Pandora jewelries really special is the Pandora jewelry charms. You get to select the charms that you will add to your bracelet, so that you are the only one that has that type of Pandora jewelry. Pandora has certainly made jewelry personalization as one of its unique hallmark traits, making it wildly popular all over the world.
Aside from the fully customizable Pandora jewelry charms, another thing that sets Pandora jewelry apart from all its competitors is the secret clasp of every Pandora bracelet. The clasp of Pandora bracelets is pretty tricky to open, since it aims to secure the bracelet on your wrist without compromising the aesthetic function of the said Pandora jewelry. Therefore, if you are planning to purchase your very own Pandora bracelet with Pandora jewelry charms, you need to master how to open the bracelet s clasp.
The first thing that you need to do is to look for the clasp in your Pandora jewelry. As mentioned above, the clasp is pretty tricky to spot because it doubles as a decorative Pandora charm; hence it also looks like the rest of your Pandora jewelry charms. In order for you to know which one is the clasp, look for a Pandora bead that has a thin slit from end to end.
Now that you have located the bracelet s clasp, you have to grasp the Pandora jewelry gently on either side of the clasp, then press the nail of your thumb into the slit in the clasp. Make sure that you exert just enough pressure to pop open the clasp. With this, you can use your fingers to fully open the clasp. This will expose the end of the bracelet in the grooved cradle.
To close the bracelet, you just need to press the end piece inside the bead clasp, then squeeze the clasp together until it shuts. To make it easier for you, you can also purchase a Pandora jewelry flower opener, so that you don t have to manually open the clasp anymore. It can also be used as a mobile phone charm when not in use.
How To Manually Open Your Pandora Bracelet
Previous：How To Determine Your Sterling Silver Jewelry Is Real
One of the things that make Pandora jewelries really special is the Pandora jewelry charms. You get to select the charms that you will add to your bracelet, so that you are the only one that has that type of Pandora jewelry. Pandora has certainly made jewelry personalization as one of its unique hallmark traits, making it wildly popular all over the world.
Aside from the fully customizable Pandora jewelry charms, another thing that sets Pandora jewelry apart from all its competitors is the secret clasp of every Pandora bracelet. The clasp of Pandora bracelets is pretty tricky to open, since it aims to secure the bracelet on your wrist without compromising the aesthetic function of the said Pandora jewelry. Therefore, if you are planning to purchase your very own Pandora bracelet with Pandora jewelry charms, you need to master how to open the bracelet s clasp.
The first thing that you need to do is to look for the clasp in your Pandora jewelry. As mentioned above, the clasp is pretty tricky to spot because it doubles as a decorative Pandora charm; hence it also looks like the rest of your Pandora jewelry charms. In order for you to know which one is the clasp, look for a Pandora bead that has a thin slit from end to end.
Now that you have located the bracelet s clasp, you have to grasp the Pandora jewelry gently on either side of the clasp, then press the nail of your thumb into the slit in the clasp. Make sure that you exert just enough pressure to pop open the clasp. With this, you can use your fingers to fully open the clasp. This will expose the end of the bracelet in the grooved cradle.
To close the bracelet, you just need to press the end piece inside the bead clasp, then squeeze the clasp together until it shuts. To make it easier for you, you can also purchase a Pandora jewelry flower opener, so that you don t have to manually open the clasp anymore. It can also be used as a mobile phone charm when not in use.
How To Manually Open Your Pandora Bracelet
Previous：How To Determine Your Sterling Silver Jewelry Is Real
How To Make Airport Travel Less Stressful-Replica Watches
One of the most stressful aspects of traveling can often be at the airport. From navigating through crowded terminals to planning airport transportation arrangements, there can be a lot to consider when booking your flight and accommodations. Travelers can follow these tips to help make their next airport experience less stressful:
Check-in Online
Typically airlines provide travelers with the option of advance check- in online which allows guests to print their boarding pass before arriving at the airport. Online check-in helps the traveler to avoid some potentially long lines and can be a huge time saver. This is especially true for people traveling with carryon luggage. Be sure to book a hotel with a business center or concierge desk that can assist with your flight s online check-in.
Know the Right Time of Day to Book Your Departure
Travelers should avoid booking departure times that require them to get to or from the airport in rush hour traffic. Also, airports are often less crowded during week days and for early morning departure times. The first flights of the day are less likely to be delayed. So, when planning your trip, aim to depart as early as you can.
Dress for an Easy Security Process
Your dress attire can be a key factor in having a stress free trip through the airport. Be aware of things you are wearing that could set off the metal detector if not removed before going through security. These items include watches, jewelry, or a belt. TSA will require you to remove jackets and sweaters as you go through the scanner. Having these types of items packed in your carry on can still allow for easy access but will help you to avoid having to stop to remove the clothing while in line. You will also need to remove your shoes before walking through the scanner. So, wear comfortable slip-ons. Be sure to have your ID or passport and boarding pass readily available.
Pack Light
The fewer pieces of luggage you have to hall through the airport, the less stress you will encounter. Having only one bag that is carry on allows you to avoid the crowded baggage claim section. You will also avoid having to stand in line to check your bags at arrival.
Book Accommodations that Include Offering an Airport Shuttle Service
Often you can find hotels located near a major airport, such as the Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, that will offer complementary airport shuttle service. If you call to book your room, make sure to ask where the pick-up place for their shuttle service is located. Typically shuttles will pick-up at Ground Transportation.
If you are in need of a rental car, look for a hotel that features rental car packages. These package deals may include airline tickets, car rentals, and hotel reservations. Often rental car packages give the traveler a great deal on cost and make planning your trip arrangements a breeze.
How To Make Airport Travel Less Stressful
Previous：How To Clean Cubic Zirconia Gems
Check-in Online
Typically airlines provide travelers with the option of advance check- in online which allows guests to print their boarding pass before arriving at the airport. Online check-in helps the traveler to avoid some potentially long lines and can be a huge time saver. This is especially true for people traveling with carryon luggage. Be sure to book a hotel with a business center or concierge desk that can assist with your flight s online check-in.
Know the Right Time of Day to Book Your Departure
Travelers should avoid booking departure times that require them to get to or from the airport in rush hour traffic. Also, airports are often less crowded during week days and for early morning departure times. The first flights of the day are less likely to be delayed. So, when planning your trip, aim to depart as early as you can.
Dress for an Easy Security Process
Your dress attire can be a key factor in having a stress free trip through the airport. Be aware of things you are wearing that could set off the metal detector if not removed before going through security. These items include watches, jewelry, or a belt. TSA will require you to remove jackets and sweaters as you go through the scanner. Having these types of items packed in your carry on can still allow for easy access but will help you to avoid having to stop to remove the clothing while in line. You will also need to remove your shoes before walking through the scanner. So, wear comfortable slip-ons. Be sure to have your ID or passport and boarding pass readily available.
Pack Light
The fewer pieces of luggage you have to hall through the airport, the less stress you will encounter. Having only one bag that is carry on allows you to avoid the crowded baggage claim section. You will also avoid having to stand in line to check your bags at arrival.
Book Accommodations that Include Offering an Airport Shuttle Service
Often you can find hotels located near a major airport, such as the Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, that will offer complementary airport shuttle service. If you call to book your room, make sure to ask where the pick-up place for their shuttle service is located. Typically shuttles will pick-up at Ground Transportation.
If you are in need of a rental car, look for a hotel that features rental car packages. These package deals may include airline tickets, car rentals, and hotel reservations. Often rental car packages give the traveler a great deal on cost and make planning your trip arrangements a breeze.
How To Make Airport Travel Less Stressful
Previous：How To Clean Cubic Zirconia Gems
How To Figure Out Your Bra Size-Replica Watches
Finding the right fit for a bra can be a real challenge. Numerous studies have shown most women get the process wrong. There are many factors to getting the perfect fit with a bra. Figuring out your size is the first place to start.
Before we go through how to figure out your bra size, you need to realize that this is not something you do one time. Your body changes continually. Your breasts are no different. You should resize your breast once a year. You'll probably be shocked the first few times when you realize how much change is occurring. Okay, let's get on with the measuring process.
Our first step is to get a tape measure. Now wrap it around your chest and back so that is perpendicular to the ground. Do not run the tape over your breast. Instead, run it just under them at their base. Now measure one full loop. This is your band size. The "band" is the material that runs around the bottom edge of your bra and should provide the majority of the support to your breasts.
Now we need to get our second measurement. Do the same thing with the tape measure with one exception. Instead of placing it at the bottom of your breast, place it over the top where they are fullest. This is your bust line, often called your "bust size". By definition, it will be larger than your band size.
Now to figure out your cup size, we need to do a bit of math. Subtract your band size from your bust size to the closest inch. You should have a single digit number. Now you must match it the cup size as follows: 2 inches is a B cup; 3 inches is a C cup; 4 inches is a D cup; 5 inches is a DD cup; and 6 inches is a DDD cup.
So, what is our final measurement for our bra size It is simple. You just take the band size and add the cup size after it. Let's assume I have a band size of 36 inches and bust size of 39 inches. The difference is 3 inches, which means I have a "C" cup. My bra size is a 36C.
Does this mean I should hop online and just start ordering 36C bras Unfortunately, it does not. Bra brands have their own ideas of how bras should fit regardless of the sizes. As a result, you should try them on first to find a version that fits well and then pop online to buy. Online sites are usually cheaper because they do not carry the overhead that a brick and mortar store does. Most also offer free shipping, which cuts your cost further and we can all stand to save a buck these days.
How To Figure Out Your Bra Size
Previous：How To Choose Your Next Designer Sunglasses
Before we go through how to figure out your bra size, you need to realize that this is not something you do one time. Your body changes continually. Your breasts are no different. You should resize your breast once a year. You'll probably be shocked the first few times when you realize how much change is occurring. Okay, let's get on with the measuring process.
Our first step is to get a tape measure. Now wrap it around your chest and back so that is perpendicular to the ground. Do not run the tape over your breast. Instead, run it just under them at their base. Now measure one full loop. This is your band size. The "band" is the material that runs around the bottom edge of your bra and should provide the majority of the support to your breasts.
Now we need to get our second measurement. Do the same thing with the tape measure with one exception. Instead of placing it at the bottom of your breast, place it over the top where they are fullest. This is your bust line, often called your "bust size". By definition, it will be larger than your band size.
Now to figure out your cup size, we need to do a bit of math. Subtract your band size from your bust size to the closest inch. You should have a single digit number. Now you must match it the cup size as follows: 2 inches is a B cup; 3 inches is a C cup; 4 inches is a D cup; 5 inches is a DD cup; and 6 inches is a DDD cup.
So, what is our final measurement for our bra size It is simple. You just take the band size and add the cup size after it. Let's assume I have a band size of 36 inches and bust size of 39 inches. The difference is 3 inches, which means I have a "C" cup. My bra size is a 36C.
Does this mean I should hop online and just start ordering 36C bras Unfortunately, it does not. Bra brands have their own ideas of how bras should fit regardless of the sizes. As a result, you should try them on first to find a version that fits well and then pop online to buy. Online sites are usually cheaper because they do not carry the overhead that a brick and mortar store does. Most also offer free shipping, which cuts your cost further and we can all stand to save a buck these days.
How To Figure Out Your Bra Size
Previous：How To Choose Your Next Designer Sunglasses
How To Determine Your Sterling Silver Jewelry Is Real-Replica Watches
Sterling silver is not so expensive nowadays, but there are still large amount of replica jewelry existing in market, one example is tiffany replica. So it is necessary for the customer to know some easy techniques to determine your sterling silver jewelry is real.
In 1851 Tiffany and Co launched the first tiffany jewelry which contained 92.5% silver. Since then the sterling silver had become popular. Sterling silver can also be called 925 silver, which consist of 92.5% silver and 7.5% other alloy. The added alloy is used to improve the luster, brightness and hardness of the silver.
After polishing, the sterling jewelry can show a very pretty metallic luster. It can also be set with precious stones to become a high-end jewelry. To maximize profits, some jewelry maker may mix cadmium, iron, copper or other cheaper metals in silver. For example, the fake cheap tiffany jewelry is produced at a very low cost, while sold with the price of real tiffany jewelry. Although this phenomenon is not widespread, but consumers should still have some way to identify silver jewelry. When a customer buys sterling silver jewelry, he can use the following 5 ways to determine the sterling silver jewelry is real.
1. Checking the color:
The higher purity of silver, the whiter color the jewelry has. Real silver jewelry usually shows a uniformly brightness. While it will show blue gray if mixed with lead or show brisk red if mixed with copper.
2. Checking the weight:
The density of the silver is slightly larger than other common metals like copper and lead. So checking the weight of the sterling silver jewelry can be the initial step. If a jewelry has a large size but relative light weight, it is probably made of other metals.
3. Checking the hardness:
The hardness of silver is lower than copper, but higher than lead and tin. Using a pin to scrape an inconspicuous place in jewelry, if it is very difficulty to leave a mark on the surface, the jewelry is probably made of copper. If a mark can be made by scraping and the mark is also very obvious, the jewelry is probably made of lead or tin. If the mark is not so obvious, then the jewelry is probably made of silver.
4. Checking the metallic sound:
The real sterling silver metallic sound is usually light, soft and clear. While other metals are usually sharp, boring.
The above four methods are effective in most cases. But the best way is to do chemical test directly. This test can be performed by some official authorities. When customer buys tiffany silver jewelry, he or she should also check whether the tiffany jewelry has some relevant certifications or not.
How To Determine Your Sterling Silver Jewelry Is Real
Previous：How Important Is Engraving Your Diamond Wedding Ring
In 1851 Tiffany and Co launched the first tiffany jewelry which contained 92.5% silver. Since then the sterling silver had become popular. Sterling silver can also be called 925 silver, which consist of 92.5% silver and 7.5% other alloy. The added alloy is used to improve the luster, brightness and hardness of the silver.
After polishing, the sterling jewelry can show a very pretty metallic luster. It can also be set with precious stones to become a high-end jewelry. To maximize profits, some jewelry maker may mix cadmium, iron, copper or other cheaper metals in silver. For example, the fake cheap tiffany jewelry is produced at a very low cost, while sold with the price of real tiffany jewelry. Although this phenomenon is not widespread, but consumers should still have some way to identify silver jewelry. When a customer buys sterling silver jewelry, he can use the following 5 ways to determine the sterling silver jewelry is real.
1. Checking the color:
The higher purity of silver, the whiter color the jewelry has. Real silver jewelry usually shows a uniformly brightness. While it will show blue gray if mixed with lead or show brisk red if mixed with copper.
2. Checking the weight:
The density of the silver is slightly larger than other common metals like copper and lead. So checking the weight of the sterling silver jewelry can be the initial step. If a jewelry has a large size but relative light weight, it is probably made of other metals.
3. Checking the hardness:
The hardness of silver is lower than copper, but higher than lead and tin. Using a pin to scrape an inconspicuous place in jewelry, if it is very difficulty to leave a mark on the surface, the jewelry is probably made of copper. If a mark can be made by scraping and the mark is also very obvious, the jewelry is probably made of lead or tin. If the mark is not so obvious, then the jewelry is probably made of silver.
4. Checking the metallic sound:
The real sterling silver metallic sound is usually light, soft and clear. While other metals are usually sharp, boring.
The above four methods are effective in most cases. But the best way is to do chemical test directly. This test can be performed by some official authorities. When customer buys tiffany silver jewelry, he or she should also check whether the tiffany jewelry has some relevant certifications or not.
How To Determine Your Sterling Silver Jewelry Is Real
Previous：How Important Is Engraving Your Diamond Wedding Ring
How To Clean Cubic Zirconia Gems-Replica Watches
The fundamental principle of jewelry treatment is actually to apply all ointments, make-up, hair spray, etc. first, next put on your jewelry. Pearls are particularly susceptive to the solvents in hair sprays. In the reality of the jewelry business, I see those who refuse to remove rings and people who do so only once in a while. Probably not by coincidence, those that ignore washing their rings or never take their rings off of their finger, are generally those which have wobbly as well as missing gems and have more than usual wear and tear.
Persistent dirt gets in between the metal settings and the gems producing abrasive wear and eventually possibly a loose stone. Frequently frequent wear on the outer sides of the settings result in damaged or lost stones. A regular home maintanence as well as a good check at the jewelry will probably protect against most stone loses, making it possible for for restoration or securing before it is too late. It isn't common to see truly clean jewellery enter into the shop. Nonetheless, if we come across a cleaned peice, it's unquestionably in far better condition compared to dirty ones.
Hand lotions and soap film are some of the more complicated substances to take out. If you want your cz jewelry to keep its sparking diamond look it is vital to keep it clean. A little grime or dirt will certainly pull away most of the brilliance that the cz offers. Fortunately, CZ's are actually relatively hard and tough. Cleaning may be far more aggressive than with stones like opal or pearls, for example.
What do I have to do to wash my Cz ring
Of course we can take your ring off your hand long enough in order to clean it. Using a gentle tooth brush plus a warm to hot treatment of a dishwashing soap like Joy, brush as well as possible to take out the scum and additionally lotion. We are then going to wash it off in luke-wam water as well as pat it dry. If extra cleansing is necessary, bathe the ring within warm tap water with about 1/3 detergent to 2/3 hot water.(This ratio is not really critical.) And then brush again.
Don't be concerned, the brush won't scratch the jewel. Don't work with any kind of abrasive cleansers. For the most part they will not affect the actual CZ jewel, but definitely will draw out the sparkle of the metal. Please do not use toothpaste or similar stuff. This method is the most widely used method to washing your home jewelry collection, and is most definately one of the most powerful.
With CZ a bit of sudsy ammonia may be put in and can greatly improve the cleaning speed along with effectiveness. Yet be cautioned, you cannot use ammonia cleaners with all types of jewelry. Stay clear of trying it with turquoise, pearls, silver, it will contribute to spots on the surface of sterling.
With the help of regular cleaning, you "get to know" the jewelry and can spot distressed metal and wobbly gemstones before a loss takes place.
Whenever you cannot get the soil off, let your jewelry shop cleanse and also examine the jewelry. Powerful detergents inside heated ultrasonic cleaners followed together with high pressure vapor cleansing will remove all soil. Soap scum normally takes a little longer but comes off ok.
How To Clean Cubic Zirconia Gems
Previous：How To Choose Women?s Fashion Necklace
Persistent dirt gets in between the metal settings and the gems producing abrasive wear and eventually possibly a loose stone. Frequently frequent wear on the outer sides of the settings result in damaged or lost stones. A regular home maintanence as well as a good check at the jewelry will probably protect against most stone loses, making it possible for for restoration or securing before it is too late. It isn't common to see truly clean jewellery enter into the shop. Nonetheless, if we come across a cleaned peice, it's unquestionably in far better condition compared to dirty ones.
Hand lotions and soap film are some of the more complicated substances to take out. If you want your cz jewelry to keep its sparking diamond look it is vital to keep it clean. A little grime or dirt will certainly pull away most of the brilliance that the cz offers. Fortunately, CZ's are actually relatively hard and tough. Cleaning may be far more aggressive than with stones like opal or pearls, for example.
What do I have to do to wash my Cz ring
Of course we can take your ring off your hand long enough in order to clean it. Using a gentle tooth brush plus a warm to hot treatment of a dishwashing soap like Joy, brush as well as possible to take out the scum and additionally lotion. We are then going to wash it off in luke-wam water as well as pat it dry. If extra cleansing is necessary, bathe the ring within warm tap water with about 1/3 detergent to 2/3 hot water.(This ratio is not really critical.) And then brush again.
Don't be concerned, the brush won't scratch the jewel. Don't work with any kind of abrasive cleansers. For the most part they will not affect the actual CZ jewel, but definitely will draw out the sparkle of the metal. Please do not use toothpaste or similar stuff. This method is the most widely used method to washing your home jewelry collection, and is most definately one of the most powerful.
With CZ a bit of sudsy ammonia may be put in and can greatly improve the cleaning speed along with effectiveness. Yet be cautioned, you cannot use ammonia cleaners with all types of jewelry. Stay clear of trying it with turquoise, pearls, silver, it will contribute to spots on the surface of sterling.
With the help of regular cleaning, you "get to know" the jewelry and can spot distressed metal and wobbly gemstones before a loss takes place.
Whenever you cannot get the soil off, let your jewelry shop cleanse and also examine the jewelry. Powerful detergents inside heated ultrasonic cleaners followed together with high pressure vapor cleansing will remove all soil. Soap scum normally takes a little longer but comes off ok.
How To Clean Cubic Zirconia Gems
Previous：How To Choose Women?s Fashion Necklace
How To Choose Your Next Designer Sunglasses-Replica Watches
1. When will you be wearing them In other words, ask yourself if your new sunglasses are just to make you look good on the beach or if you're going to wear them when you drive or cycle.
2. What shape is your face Just as people take their time to find which regular glasses suit them, the decision of what sunglasses to buy should be given equal consideration. An oval shaped head may require different designs to a square one.
3. What colour do you like Some people like the classic black frame, others want something a little different. There's a wide selection of choice out there, so get the ones you like.
4. Do you already have a style in mind If you like aviators or over-sized sunglasses, then that may help define want you're looking for. Check out the latest celebrities and see what's in vogue.
5. Have you tried a particular brand in the past If you once had a fantastic pair of Dolce and Gabbana designer sunglasses, but lost or broke them, then you may want to find something similar by the same brand. Likewise for other brands, such as Ray Ban and Oakley.
6. Do they have the appropriate levels of sun protection Looking good may be the focus of your search, but make sure your eyes are protected too.
7. What are you looking to spend The best designer sunglasses brands do cost a little more, but you'll be more likely to wear them for longer because they are often the best quality and they're more fashionable. You may want value for money, but that doesn't necessarily mean looking at the cheap end of the market.
8. Are they comfortable Suffering for your look may seem like a fair trade at the check-out, but when you have to keep taking them off every ten minutes because they pinch or rub your noise. Make sure you factor in how well they fit you and not just what they do for your appearance.
Hopefully, that's helped you to decide what you're looking for. So whether you want Oakley designer sunglasses, Ray Ban designer sunglasses or any other brand, your next step will be to find the best price.
How To Choose Your Next Designer Sunglasses
Previous：How To Calculate Your Risk For Breast Cancer
2. What shape is your face Just as people take their time to find which regular glasses suit them, the decision of what sunglasses to buy should be given equal consideration. An oval shaped head may require different designs to a square one.
3. What colour do you like Some people like the classic black frame, others want something a little different. There's a wide selection of choice out there, so get the ones you like.
4. Do you already have a style in mind If you like aviators or over-sized sunglasses, then that may help define want you're looking for. Check out the latest celebrities and see what's in vogue.
5. Have you tried a particular brand in the past If you once had a fantastic pair of Dolce and Gabbana designer sunglasses, but lost or broke them, then you may want to find something similar by the same brand. Likewise for other brands, such as Ray Ban and Oakley.
6. Do they have the appropriate levels of sun protection Looking good may be the focus of your search, but make sure your eyes are protected too.
7. What are you looking to spend The best designer sunglasses brands do cost a little more, but you'll be more likely to wear them for longer because they are often the best quality and they're more fashionable. You may want value for money, but that doesn't necessarily mean looking at the cheap end of the market.
8. Are they comfortable Suffering for your look may seem like a fair trade at the check-out, but when you have to keep taking them off every ten minutes because they pinch or rub your noise. Make sure you factor in how well they fit you and not just what they do for your appearance.
Hopefully, that's helped you to decide what you're looking for. So whether you want Oakley designer sunglasses, Ray Ban designer sunglasses or any other brand, your next step will be to find the best price.
How To Choose Your Next Designer Sunglasses
Previous：How To Calculate Your Risk For Breast Cancer
How To Choose Women?s Fashion Necklace-Replica Watches
In the present day, women like flaunting innumerable styles of gold chain link necklaces. However, while selecting fashion necklace jewelry you must know what gold chain necklace will suit you. Read on to know what all things need to be taken care of when looking for a gold chain link necklace:
The first and foremost feature is the height and chest type of the woman. It is an important factor in determining the type of fashion necklace jewelry that can look good on you. Your fashion necklace jewelry choice will differ depending on how tall or short you are.
Women shorter than 5 4 should go in for collar or princess length gold chain link necklaces. Women who have a height between 5 4 to 5 7 can wear Miami Cuban link necklace of any length. Lastly, women taller than 5 7 can choose longer yellow gold chain link necklaces in different lengths.
Full-figured women should not wear yellow gold chain link necklaces that lay on the breast line because that will not look good. They should go in for gold chain necklaces that have more than 22 length. Long and thin gold chains are the most suitable option for women with a flat chest.
The shape of your face also helps in deciding what kind of fashion necklace jewelry will look good on you.
Oval face shape is the best as any necklace length looks good with it. Opera necklace length is the best option for round faces.
Choker necklaces should be worn by women with heart-shaped faces. Last but not the least, choker necklaces with higher length look great on women who have rectangular and oblong face shapes.
The type and importance of the occasion also help in determining the type of fashion necklace jewelry you should choose.
You can buy all these types of fashion necklaces at Ace Jewelry, the best online Jewelry Store. We have an exclusive fashion jewelry range of Engagement Rings, Necklace Fashion Jewelry, Gold Engagement Rings, Gold Bangle Bracelets, Diamond Hoop Earrings and Gold Chain Necklace, Yellow Gold Chain Link Necklace and Miami Cuban Link Necklace.
How To Choose Women?s Fashion Necklace
Previous：How Much Do Pearl Necklaces Cost
The first and foremost feature is the height and chest type of the woman. It is an important factor in determining the type of fashion necklace jewelry that can look good on you. Your fashion necklace jewelry choice will differ depending on how tall or short you are.
Women shorter than 5 4 should go in for collar or princess length gold chain link necklaces. Women who have a height between 5 4 to 5 7 can wear Miami Cuban link necklace of any length. Lastly, women taller than 5 7 can choose longer yellow gold chain link necklaces in different lengths.
Full-figured women should not wear yellow gold chain link necklaces that lay on the breast line because that will not look good. They should go in for gold chain necklaces that have more than 22 length. Long and thin gold chains are the most suitable option for women with a flat chest.
The shape of your face also helps in deciding what kind of fashion necklace jewelry will look good on you.
Oval face shape is the best as any necklace length looks good with it. Opera necklace length is the best option for round faces.
Choker necklaces should be worn by women with heart-shaped faces. Last but not the least, choker necklaces with higher length look great on women who have rectangular and oblong face shapes.
The type and importance of the occasion also help in determining the type of fashion necklace jewelry you should choose.
You can buy all these types of fashion necklaces at Ace Jewelry, the best online Jewelry Store. We have an exclusive fashion jewelry range of Engagement Rings, Necklace Fashion Jewelry, Gold Engagement Rings, Gold Bangle Bracelets, Diamond Hoop Earrings and Gold Chain Necklace, Yellow Gold Chain Link Necklace and Miami Cuban Link Necklace.
How To Choose Women?s Fashion Necklace
Previous：How Much Do Pearl Necklaces Cost
How To Calculate Your Risk For Breast Cancer-Replica Watches
Using known risk factors for breast cancer, mathematical models can be developed to help answer important questions. These mathematical models are useful tools for researchers and for patients as follows:
1. Research on risk factors The Claus risk assessment model was used to discover the subpopulation of people who had an autosomal dominant genetic allele that increased their risk from 10% to 92%. This led to the discovery of the BRCA genes associated with breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer.
2. Clinical trial eligibility The Gail risk assessment model was developed to help researchers determine who to enroll in the NSAPB Breast Cancer Prevention Trials
where chemoprevention was shown to reduce breast cancer risk.
3. Guidelines for doing BRCA testing BRCA testing is very expensive and practically worthless if done on everyone (because it is so rare to be homozygous for BRCA1 or BRCA2). Mathematical models such as the BRCAPRO, BOADICEA, and Tyrer-Cuzick models can help determine what patients should undergo BRCA testing. The decision for testing is usually made when one of these models predicts a 10% or greater chance that there is a mutation of the BRCA1, BRCA2, or both genes.
4. Guidelines for doing MRI screening for breast cancer - MRI screening for breast cancer is not a cost effective screening test for the general population, but in specific groups, there are clear cut reasons to do so. In general, screening MRI is recommended for women with 20-25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer. The BRCAPRO and Tyrer-Cuzick models have been used to help make clinical decisions about ordering MRIs for breast cancer screening.
5. Guidelines for breast cancer therapy The Gail model is used clinically to help
determine who should be put on tamoxifen or raloxifene for chemoprevention. Other models have been used to help make decisions about breast cancer risk reduction with prophylactic mastectomy.
For these reasons, it is important to understand these models. These models are collectively refered to as risk assessment tools . The following paragraphs summarize the most popular and most widely used risk assessment tools. Keep in mind that none of these risk assessment tools apply to breast cancer survivors. No mathematical model has been widely accepted to determine cancer risk in cancer survivors.
General Risk Assessment Tools
Gail Model: The Gail model is a validated risk-assessment model that focuses primarily on nonhereditary risk factors, with limited information on family history. It was developed by scientists at the National Cancer Institute and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) to assist health care providers in discussing breast cancer risk to determine their eligibility for the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. The tool allows one to project a woman's individual estimate of breast cancer risk over a five-year period of time and over her lifetime. It also compares the woman's risk calculation with the average risk for a woman of the same age. The Gail Model is an on-line quiz that has 13 questions and is interactive. This calculator is based on published risk statistics and methods gathered from peer-reviewed journals, and has been extensively tested for its validity.
The major limitation of the Gail model is the inclusion of only first-degree relatives, which results in underestimating risk in the 50% of families with cancer in the paternal lineage and also takes no account of the age of onset of breast cancer. It may underestimate risk in certain groups, such as obese patients.
National Cancer Institute Model: The NCI risk assessment tool is essentially a simplified Gail Model that also factors in race. Race is a factor in determining breast cancer risk but is excluded when determining eligibility for clinical trials. This tool is probably the most popular risk assessment tool available to the public as an on-line, interactive risk calculator. The on-line quiz is a shorter, nine-point questionnaire that includes multiple factors, giving a woman her future five-year risk of breast cancer and her lifetime risk of breast cancer.
The NCI tool does not account for a lot of risk factors that can be modified. For this reason, it is difficult to use this test as a motivation tool to show people how lifestyle can alter their risk of breast cancer. It also cannot be used in breast cancer survivors, in patients with DCIS, LCIS, or people who carry one of the BRCA genes.
BRCAPRO model: This is a statistical model available as a computer program that uses two different algorithms to evaluate family history and helps a doctor determine the likelihood of finding either a BRCA1 mutation or a BRCA2 mutation in a family. The results of this can be used to determine if BRCA testing is indicated. This is very useful in light of the high cost of BRCA testing ($3,000). None of the nonhereditary risk factors can yet be incorporated into the model, however. In a comparison of four different methods for estimating breast cancer risk in patients with a family history of breast cancer, the BRCAPRO model was the least accurate. It predicted only 49% of the breast cancers that actually occurred in the screened group of patients with a family history of breast cancer.
Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention Risk Assessment Tool: This is another breast cancer risk assessment tool that includes more lifestyle factors than the NCI or Gail Model tools. It has not been studied as extensively as the Gail Model or the simplified NCI model, but it is promising in that it includes many lifestyle factors that people can do to modify their risk of developing cancer. It is also an on-line questionnaire that can be used by both women and men to estimate their breast cancer risk.
Making all this practical
Now after a thorough and confusing discussion of all these statistical models, it s time to make all this information practical. What is the best way to help a patient accurately assess her risk of breast cancer and if possible, show her what positive factors are reducing her risk and what negative factors can be changed to reduce her risk If possible, it would also be great to show the patient the value and indications for testing, imaging, chemoprevention, and in some cases surgery. A discussion of the practical aspect of each of these is addressed in a Q & A format below:
Q: What (free) online programs can be used to help a patient assess their risk of breast cancer
A: Several of the risk assessment tools mentioned above can be accessed for free by the public. Here are the tests and their websites:
1. Your Disease Risk English version: http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu
Spanish version: http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu/spanish
This is a great interactive questionnaire that calculates five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer developed by the Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and made public online in 2000. In 2005, they launched the Spanish version of the site, Cuidar de su Salud . The risk calculator includes lifestyle factors such as weight, dietary vegetables, alcohol intake, as well as Jewish ethnicity. It does not include other ethnicities, however, and is not accurate for BRCA mutation carriers or breast cancer survivors. Despite these issues, this is by far the best free online risk calculator since it is very interactive and gives you a personalized description of your risk in the form of a colored bar graph, which they can electronically manipulate to experience "virtual" risk reduction. The bar graph is a seven-level scale that compares users to a typical man or woman your age. Users learn where to focus their prevention efforts and how to make lifestyle changes by "clicking on" personalized strategies. With each click, the bar graph shrinks, and the user watches his/her predicted risk drop. This is a great concept to motivate people to participate and comply with lifestyle modification measures.
2. The NCI Risk Assessment Tool regular web: http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool
Mobile web: http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktoolmobile
This is the easy to use, on-line questionnaire based on a modified Gail model that also includes ethnicity. It does not factor in a personal history of breast cancer, DCIS, or LCIS. It does not account for other factors such as BRCA status, hormonal replacement therapy, lifestyle factors, breast feeding, menopause, or mammographic density. Despite these issues, it is a very useful tool that gives a woman her five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer. It is the only risk assessment tool that can be used via mobile handheld devices (any type). A version of this can be downloaded for PDAs with Windows Pocket PC operating system as well.
Q: What programs can be used to help a doctor make decisions about ordering a breast MRI
A: The American Cancer Society has developed some very good guidelines for breast cancer screening with MRI. It should be emphasized that MRI is an adjunct to mammography, not a replacement. Four programs can be used to help in clinical decision making. They are as follows:
1. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/57/2/75
2. BRCPRO ver.4.3 available @ http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/breasthealth/cagene/default.asp
3. Claus Model available as a palm based software product version 1.0 at
http://www.palmgear.com/index.cfm fuseaction=software.showsoftware&prodID=29820
4. IBIS - Breast Cancer Risk Evaluation Tool, RiskFileCalc version 1.0. This is the Tyrer-Cuzick model that includes hereditary and nonhereditary risk factors. Contact: ibis@cancer.org.uk
How To Calculate Your Risk For Breast Cancer
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1. Research on risk factors The Claus risk assessment model was used to discover the subpopulation of people who had an autosomal dominant genetic allele that increased their risk from 10% to 92%. This led to the discovery of the BRCA genes associated with breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer.
2. Clinical trial eligibility The Gail risk assessment model was developed to help researchers determine who to enroll in the NSAPB Breast Cancer Prevention Trials
where chemoprevention was shown to reduce breast cancer risk.
3. Guidelines for doing BRCA testing BRCA testing is very expensive and practically worthless if done on everyone (because it is so rare to be homozygous for BRCA1 or BRCA2). Mathematical models such as the BRCAPRO, BOADICEA, and Tyrer-Cuzick models can help determine what patients should undergo BRCA testing. The decision for testing is usually made when one of these models predicts a 10% or greater chance that there is a mutation of the BRCA1, BRCA2, or both genes.
4. Guidelines for doing MRI screening for breast cancer - MRI screening for breast cancer is not a cost effective screening test for the general population, but in specific groups, there are clear cut reasons to do so. In general, screening MRI is recommended for women with 20-25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer. The BRCAPRO and Tyrer-Cuzick models have been used to help make clinical decisions about ordering MRIs for breast cancer screening.
5. Guidelines for breast cancer therapy The Gail model is used clinically to help
determine who should be put on tamoxifen or raloxifene for chemoprevention. Other models have been used to help make decisions about breast cancer risk reduction with prophylactic mastectomy.
For these reasons, it is important to understand these models. These models are collectively refered to as risk assessment tools . The following paragraphs summarize the most popular and most widely used risk assessment tools. Keep in mind that none of these risk assessment tools apply to breast cancer survivors. No mathematical model has been widely accepted to determine cancer risk in cancer survivors.
General Risk Assessment Tools
Gail Model: The Gail model is a validated risk-assessment model that focuses primarily on nonhereditary risk factors, with limited information on family history. It was developed by scientists at the National Cancer Institute and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) to assist health care providers in discussing breast cancer risk to determine their eligibility for the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. The tool allows one to project a woman's individual estimate of breast cancer risk over a five-year period of time and over her lifetime. It also compares the woman's risk calculation with the average risk for a woman of the same age. The Gail Model is an on-line quiz that has 13 questions and is interactive. This calculator is based on published risk statistics and methods gathered from peer-reviewed journals, and has been extensively tested for its validity.
The major limitation of the Gail model is the inclusion of only first-degree relatives, which results in underestimating risk in the 50% of families with cancer in the paternal lineage and also takes no account of the age of onset of breast cancer. It may underestimate risk in certain groups, such as obese patients.
National Cancer Institute Model: The NCI risk assessment tool is essentially a simplified Gail Model that also factors in race. Race is a factor in determining breast cancer risk but is excluded when determining eligibility for clinical trials. This tool is probably the most popular risk assessment tool available to the public as an on-line, interactive risk calculator. The on-line quiz is a shorter, nine-point questionnaire that includes multiple factors, giving a woman her future five-year risk of breast cancer and her lifetime risk of breast cancer.
The NCI tool does not account for a lot of risk factors that can be modified. For this reason, it is difficult to use this test as a motivation tool to show people how lifestyle can alter their risk of breast cancer. It also cannot be used in breast cancer survivors, in patients with DCIS, LCIS, or people who carry one of the BRCA genes.
BRCAPRO model: This is a statistical model available as a computer program that uses two different algorithms to evaluate family history and helps a doctor determine the likelihood of finding either a BRCA1 mutation or a BRCA2 mutation in a family. The results of this can be used to determine if BRCA testing is indicated. This is very useful in light of the high cost of BRCA testing ($3,000). None of the nonhereditary risk factors can yet be incorporated into the model, however. In a comparison of four different methods for estimating breast cancer risk in patients with a family history of breast cancer, the BRCAPRO model was the least accurate. It predicted only 49% of the breast cancers that actually occurred in the screened group of patients with a family history of breast cancer.
Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention Risk Assessment Tool: This is another breast cancer risk assessment tool that includes more lifestyle factors than the NCI or Gail Model tools. It has not been studied as extensively as the Gail Model or the simplified NCI model, but it is promising in that it includes many lifestyle factors that people can do to modify their risk of developing cancer. It is also an on-line questionnaire that can be used by both women and men to estimate their breast cancer risk.
Making all this practical
Now after a thorough and confusing discussion of all these statistical models, it s time to make all this information practical. What is the best way to help a patient accurately assess her risk of breast cancer and if possible, show her what positive factors are reducing her risk and what negative factors can be changed to reduce her risk If possible, it would also be great to show the patient the value and indications for testing, imaging, chemoprevention, and in some cases surgery. A discussion of the practical aspect of each of these is addressed in a Q & A format below:
Q: What (free) online programs can be used to help a patient assess their risk of breast cancer
A: Several of the risk assessment tools mentioned above can be accessed for free by the public. Here are the tests and their websites:
1. Your Disease Risk English version: http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu
Spanish version: http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu/spanish
This is a great interactive questionnaire that calculates five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer developed by the Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and made public online in 2000. In 2005, they launched the Spanish version of the site, Cuidar de su Salud . The risk calculator includes lifestyle factors such as weight, dietary vegetables, alcohol intake, as well as Jewish ethnicity. It does not include other ethnicities, however, and is not accurate for BRCA mutation carriers or breast cancer survivors. Despite these issues, this is by far the best free online risk calculator since it is very interactive and gives you a personalized description of your risk in the form of a colored bar graph, which they can electronically manipulate to experience "virtual" risk reduction. The bar graph is a seven-level scale that compares users to a typical man or woman your age. Users learn where to focus their prevention efforts and how to make lifestyle changes by "clicking on" personalized strategies. With each click, the bar graph shrinks, and the user watches his/her predicted risk drop. This is a great concept to motivate people to participate and comply with lifestyle modification measures.
2. The NCI Risk Assessment Tool regular web: http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool
Mobile web: http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktoolmobile
This is the easy to use, on-line questionnaire based on a modified Gail model that also includes ethnicity. It does not factor in a personal history of breast cancer, DCIS, or LCIS. It does not account for other factors such as BRCA status, hormonal replacement therapy, lifestyle factors, breast feeding, menopause, or mammographic density. Despite these issues, it is a very useful tool that gives a woman her five-year and lifetime risk of breast cancer. It is the only risk assessment tool that can be used via mobile handheld devices (any type). A version of this can be downloaded for PDAs with Windows Pocket PC operating system as well.
Q: What programs can be used to help a doctor make decisions about ordering a breast MRI
A: The American Cancer Society has developed some very good guidelines for breast cancer screening with MRI. It should be emphasized that MRI is an adjunct to mammography, not a replacement. Four programs can be used to help in clinical decision making. They are as follows:
1. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/57/2/75
2. BRCPRO ver.4.3 available @ http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/breasthealth/cagene/default.asp
3. Claus Model available as a palm based software product version 1.0 at
http://www.palmgear.com/index.cfm fuseaction=software.showsoftware&prodID=29820
4. IBIS - Breast Cancer Risk Evaluation Tool, RiskFileCalc version 1.0. This is the Tyrer-Cuzick model that includes hereditary and nonhereditary risk factors. Contact: ibis@cancer.org.uk
How To Calculate Your Risk For Breast Cancer
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How To Buy The Best Garment Bag-Replica Watches
Garment bag is the thing that is essentially needed by vacationers or travelers. It is needed for packing the clothes and other important things that you need for traveling and expectantly it will keep your clothes wrinkle free. The following information will tell you more about several tips to buy the best garment bag that you need for traveling.
The most important thing that you need before buying a bag is that you should consider about your personal needs of the bag. If you just need only few clothes that you will carry for traveling, choosing a basic garment bag is the best solution for you. But when you will carry more clothes, it is better for you to choose the tri-fold or a bi-fold garment. It will be also the great options for you.
You need also to check whether the bag has basic or additional features that you need. It is great for you to choose the one that has inside pockets that you can use for toiletries and other important items. If you want to take an airline travel, choose one that conforms with the airline standards for carry on luggage if you do not want to carry your bag. You should also choose the bag that has locks, handles and also zippers. The handles of the bag should be sturdy and it comes with shoulder straps.
There is other bag that is available in any markets such as foldable bags. The great thing of this kind of bag is that you can manage the size of the fold. You can also consider choosing the bag that will prevent your clothes wrinkled. If you will concern about that, choose a bi fold of tri fold bag. This kind of bag is designed to be manageable so you can manage the size to carry it. Garment bag comes in various shapes and made form breathable materials.
How To Buy The Best Garment Bag
Previous：Women High Heels, Fashion, And Fashion Designers
The most important thing that you need before buying a bag is that you should consider about your personal needs of the bag. If you just need only few clothes that you will carry for traveling, choosing a basic garment bag is the best solution for you. But when you will carry more clothes, it is better for you to choose the tri-fold or a bi-fold garment. It will be also the great options for you.
You need also to check whether the bag has basic or additional features that you need. It is great for you to choose the one that has inside pockets that you can use for toiletries and other important items. If you want to take an airline travel, choose one that conforms with the airline standards for carry on luggage if you do not want to carry your bag. You should also choose the bag that has locks, handles and also zippers. The handles of the bag should be sturdy and it comes with shoulder straps.
There is other bag that is available in any markets such as foldable bags. The great thing of this kind of bag is that you can manage the size of the fold. You can also consider choosing the bag that will prevent your clothes wrinkled. If you will concern about that, choose a bi fold of tri fold bag. This kind of bag is designed to be manageable so you can manage the size to carry it. Garment bag comes in various shapes and made form breathable materials.
How To Buy The Best Garment Bag
Previous：Women High Heels, Fashion, And Fashion Designers
How To Avoid Nose Piercing Problems-Replica Watches
Potential Nose Piercing Problems and How to Avoid Them
It's possible for certain nose piercing problems to develop even when a new piercing is performed by a thoroughly trained, experienced piercing professional. The potential occurrence of these nose piercing problems means it's essential for you to know about them in advance of your piercing. Armed with this knowledge, you'll understand and be better prepared for any problems you might experience.
Meta l hypersensitivity is a common condition frequently caused by nickel, a metal found in many alloys used in jewelry. People who are hypersensitive to nickel or other impurities in their nose jewelry may experience skin irritation when jewelry which contains one or more of these impurities is inserted into newly pierced skin. Unfortunately, if the metal in your nose jewelry is not 100% pure and instead is an alloy, it might contain nickel and you might have a reaction. You might be susceptible to nickel's irritating effects but not even know it, having never put any metal against your exposed skin tissues before. Even if you do know you react to nickel, however, you might not realize it's used in some jewelry. The likelihood of this type of reaction is minimized when your nose jewelry is made of 22k gold.
Nose Piercing Problems Due to Metal Hypersensitivity and Allergies
Many people might not realize they have an allergy, but your piercing professional should nonetheless inquire about whether you have any allergies to metals, foods, drugs or other substances. If you're not asked for some reason, you should volunteer any pertinent information. Try to remember whether your skin has ever become irritated or reddened while you've been wearing a ring, watch or some other type of jewelry. If so, that redness or irritation is probably due to an allergic metal hypersensitivity and you should inform your piercing professional about it. Even a minor reaction in the past will make it more likely you'll have a more substantial reaction in the future, as your skin is repeatedly exposed to impure metal.
In addition to trying to avoid nose jewelry containing nickel, you should also avoid gold-plated jewelry. Gold plating can wear thin very quickly. After this happens, tissues that are still healing will be exposed to the metal underneath the gold plating. Again, choosing 22k gold nose jewelry will alleviate the risk of metal hypersensitivity. 22k gold is the superior choice for hypersensitive skin and skin that's still healing. Your body's immune system will be active while your new piercing heals, but gold places very little additional strain on it. Gold will make it more probable that your piercing will heal quickly and cleanly.
Hygiene and Nose Piercing Problems
Cleaning a new piercing site too frequently is another common cause of nose piercing problems. It might be difficult to believe that cleansing the site too much could create problems, but your skin is tender and its inner layers are exposed to the air. A new piercing might start oozing a substance similar to pus, but unless you experience other symptoms of an infection you can probably take care of it by using sterile water to dilute your cleaning solution.
Be on the lookout for additional signs of infection, however, because a new piercing provides a favorable environment for bacterial and fungal growth, two types of organisms which are normally present on the skin. If an infection does develop, you should probably visit your doctor to obtain some antibiotics.
Other Types of Nose Piercing Problems
If your piercing closes up, you should anticipate some scarring whether the closure is by accident or on purpose. Before you have any piercing performed, always consider the potential for scarring at the site of the piercing. Although in most cases scarring will not be very visible, you should ask yourself whether this is a possibility you can live with.
You can prepare for potential scarring by obtaining a natural sea salt solution and one of the oils experts recommend for this purpose, such as germseed oil, tea-tree oil or extra-virgin olive oil. Get these products in advance so you'll have them if and when you need them.
Speaking of experts, always follow the instructions given to you by your piercing professional. Disregarding these instructions and listening to "helpful" advice given by friends can lead to some of the most serious problems that can develop with a piercing. Your friend's piercing might have healed well, but that doesn't mean you should do what he or she suggests. For example, some people look at their piercing site and decide it looks like it's healing cleanly, so they change their nose jewelry. Unfortunately, they don't realize that several layers of tissue are still healing. They've actually interfered with the healing process by changing their nose jewelry much too early.
Always ask your piercing professional for aftercare instructions before your piercing is performed. You might not remember to ask for them afterward, due to being slightly uncomfortable or excited about your new piercing.
Following the instructions provided by your piercing professional and being prepared for things that can arise will definitely increase the likelihood of having a good piercing experience.
How To Avoid Nose Piercing Problems
Previous：Edox Koenigsegg Wristwatch At Limited Edition
It's possible for certain nose piercing problems to develop even when a new piercing is performed by a thoroughly trained, experienced piercing professional. The potential occurrence of these nose piercing problems means it's essential for you to know about them in advance of your piercing. Armed with this knowledge, you'll understand and be better prepared for any problems you might experience.
Meta l hypersensitivity is a common condition frequently caused by nickel, a metal found in many alloys used in jewelry. People who are hypersensitive to nickel or other impurities in their nose jewelry may experience skin irritation when jewelry which contains one or more of these impurities is inserted into newly pierced skin. Unfortunately, if the metal in your nose jewelry is not 100% pure and instead is an alloy, it might contain nickel and you might have a reaction. You might be susceptible to nickel's irritating effects but not even know it, having never put any metal against your exposed skin tissues before. Even if you do know you react to nickel, however, you might not realize it's used in some jewelry. The likelihood of this type of reaction is minimized when your nose jewelry is made of 22k gold.
Nose Piercing Problems Due to Metal Hypersensitivity and Allergies
Many people might not realize they have an allergy, but your piercing professional should nonetheless inquire about whether you have any allergies to metals, foods, drugs or other substances. If you're not asked for some reason, you should volunteer any pertinent information. Try to remember whether your skin has ever become irritated or reddened while you've been wearing a ring, watch or some other type of jewelry. If so, that redness or irritation is probably due to an allergic metal hypersensitivity and you should inform your piercing professional about it. Even a minor reaction in the past will make it more likely you'll have a more substantial reaction in the future, as your skin is repeatedly exposed to impure metal.
In addition to trying to avoid nose jewelry containing nickel, you should also avoid gold-plated jewelry. Gold plating can wear thin very quickly. After this happens, tissues that are still healing will be exposed to the metal underneath the gold plating. Again, choosing 22k gold nose jewelry will alleviate the risk of metal hypersensitivity. 22k gold is the superior choice for hypersensitive skin and skin that's still healing. Your body's immune system will be active while your new piercing heals, but gold places very little additional strain on it. Gold will make it more probable that your piercing will heal quickly and cleanly.
Hygiene and Nose Piercing Problems
Cleaning a new piercing site too frequently is another common cause of nose piercing problems. It might be difficult to believe that cleansing the site too much could create problems, but your skin is tender and its inner layers are exposed to the air. A new piercing might start oozing a substance similar to pus, but unless you experience other symptoms of an infection you can probably take care of it by using sterile water to dilute your cleaning solution.
Be on the lookout for additional signs of infection, however, because a new piercing provides a favorable environment for bacterial and fungal growth, two types of organisms which are normally present on the skin. If an infection does develop, you should probably visit your doctor to obtain some antibiotics.
Other Types of Nose Piercing Problems
If your piercing closes up, you should anticipate some scarring whether the closure is by accident or on purpose. Before you have any piercing performed, always consider the potential for scarring at the site of the piercing. Although in most cases scarring will not be very visible, you should ask yourself whether this is a possibility you can live with.
You can prepare for potential scarring by obtaining a natural sea salt solution and one of the oils experts recommend for this purpose, such as germseed oil, tea-tree oil or extra-virgin olive oil. Get these products in advance so you'll have them if and when you need them.
Speaking of experts, always follow the instructions given to you by your piercing professional. Disregarding these instructions and listening to "helpful" advice given by friends can lead to some of the most serious problems that can develop with a piercing. Your friend's piercing might have healed well, but that doesn't mean you should do what he or she suggests. For example, some people look at their piercing site and decide it looks like it's healing cleanly, so they change their nose jewelry. Unfortunately, they don't realize that several layers of tissue are still healing. They've actually interfered with the healing process by changing their nose jewelry much too early.
Always ask your piercing professional for aftercare instructions before your piercing is performed. You might not remember to ask for them afterward, due to being slightly uncomfortable or excited about your new piercing.
Following the instructions provided by your piercing professional and being prepared for things that can arise will definitely increase the likelihood of having a good piercing experience.
How To Avoid Nose Piercing Problems
Previous：Edox Koenigsegg Wristwatch At Limited Edition
How Much Do Pearl Necklaces Cost-Replica Watches
You be capable of pay out $15.00 for a freshwater pearl necklace of genuine pearls, or estimate for a South Sea Pearl Necklace prepared of record breaking size pearls from 16mm to 20mm that sold at Sotheby's for $2,310,000.00 However here is the thing, you can acquire a flawless, round, matched, Freshwater Cultured Lavender Pearl Necklace and spend $10,000.00. or more And if one were to purchase a Cultured South Sea Pearl necklace of milky, pitted, non-round pearls, $100.00 might be paying too much.
Luster is the only characteristic unique to a pearl. It is the value of the Luster that gives the pearl necklace its radiant radiance. Pearls are not merely reflective. Pearls have smolder that comes from glow dazzling off of the many layers of nacre. A beautiful pearl will have a great luster that glows.
Good luster also means the pearl necklace will last longer since the feature is directly related to the depth of the nacre. The thicker the nacre, the superior the luster and the longer the pearl will endure since thin nacre equals short life. Lightweight nacre can rapidly peel or flake. Jewelers will base 70% of their appraised worth on luster.
As much as 30% of the appraised price or more can go towards contour. While pearls can be formed like a rice crispy to near on target roundness. A seamlessly globular pearl is a rare pearl, and rarity equals high price. Given that many of the not-round freshwater pearl necklaces have such extraordinary luster, at times roundedness is not set as much rate.
Tint is central, for the reason that tint is individual. Color is not as painless to without prejudice calculate to the same extent luster or shape. Color is distinctive to the kind of pearl, and colors are to some extent trend oriented. What may be in style now may be out of grace next year. Color is a complete analysis in itself, plus is a major worth when in view of a piece of jewelry such as a pearl necklace.
Dimension is repeatedly the primary thing that an inexperienced pearl shopper will jump at. If all things were one and the same, luster, nacre, shape, and color then dimension would be the influential cause when buying a pearl necklace. All over again back to scarcity, bigger pearls are usually elder within both category of pearl. For case in point a 10mm akoya is a mammoth akoya, whereas a 10mm South Sea Pearl is a small South Sea Pearl.
Excellence is the pearl value that grades the whole outside and luster. Pearls may have indentations and pits in the facade but still have great luster. A pearl may also have faultless roundness but be cloudy looking. A flawlessly spherical pearl with unbelievable luster has the superior trait.
Unless we are talking about a solitaire or pendant necklace then Matching is a merit that matters to a pearl necklace. With all the above traits are categorized then the pearls need to all match. This is no simple feat for the craftsman who is assembling a necklace, because there are all the above values to take into account when putting together a pearl necklace.
All of these values are somewhat personal, but only within limits. There must be some concord amongst the bidders at Sothebys, for the selling quote of a South Sea Pearl Necklace to arrive at over 2,000,000 USD. Wouldn't you be in agreement
How Much Do Pearl Necklaces Cost
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Luster is the only characteristic unique to a pearl. It is the value of the Luster that gives the pearl necklace its radiant radiance. Pearls are not merely reflective. Pearls have smolder that comes from glow dazzling off of the many layers of nacre. A beautiful pearl will have a great luster that glows.
Good luster also means the pearl necklace will last longer since the feature is directly related to the depth of the nacre. The thicker the nacre, the superior the luster and the longer the pearl will endure since thin nacre equals short life. Lightweight nacre can rapidly peel or flake. Jewelers will base 70% of their appraised worth on luster.
As much as 30% of the appraised price or more can go towards contour. While pearls can be formed like a rice crispy to near on target roundness. A seamlessly globular pearl is a rare pearl, and rarity equals high price. Given that many of the not-round freshwater pearl necklaces have such extraordinary luster, at times roundedness is not set as much rate.
Tint is central, for the reason that tint is individual. Color is not as painless to without prejudice calculate to the same extent luster or shape. Color is distinctive to the kind of pearl, and colors are to some extent trend oriented. What may be in style now may be out of grace next year. Color is a complete analysis in itself, plus is a major worth when in view of a piece of jewelry such as a pearl necklace.
Dimension is repeatedly the primary thing that an inexperienced pearl shopper will jump at. If all things were one and the same, luster, nacre, shape, and color then dimension would be the influential cause when buying a pearl necklace. All over again back to scarcity, bigger pearls are usually elder within both category of pearl. For case in point a 10mm akoya is a mammoth akoya, whereas a 10mm South Sea Pearl is a small South Sea Pearl.
Excellence is the pearl value that grades the whole outside and luster. Pearls may have indentations and pits in the facade but still have great luster. A pearl may also have faultless roundness but be cloudy looking. A flawlessly spherical pearl with unbelievable luster has the superior trait.
Unless we are talking about a solitaire or pendant necklace then Matching is a merit that matters to a pearl necklace. With all the above traits are categorized then the pearls need to all match. This is no simple feat for the craftsman who is assembling a necklace, because there are all the above values to take into account when putting together a pearl necklace.
All of these values are somewhat personal, but only within limits. There must be some concord amongst the bidders at Sothebys, for the selling quote of a South Sea Pearl Necklace to arrive at over 2,000,000 USD. Wouldn't you be in agreement
How Much Do Pearl Necklaces Cost
Previous：Home Safe Home
How Important Is Engraving Your Diamond Wedding Ring-Replica Watches
When two people fall in love, they make a promise to themselves and to each other; a promise to be together at all times, a promise to not forsake each other, come what may. A promise to be with one another at good and bad times, a promise to love each other till the world ends. To make this known to the rest of the world and to get the legality to be united forever, they happily get married. The wedding has a lot of significance and so does the wedding ring; after all, two soul mates are uniting with each other to become partners of life.
The wedding ring that s exchanged on the most auspicious day in a couple s life has a lot of sentimental values attached to it. An engraving on the ring would make the ring and the occasion all the more special.
In the vintage ring if one has noticed the best part is not the diamond embedded but the inscription that s written on the ring.
The inscription could be anything, from the name of your partner to the date of you re wedding to anything. It actually gives you an opportunity to be creative and to think out of the box. You could also have a short poem or a phrase engraved on the diamond wedding ring or anything that best describes your relationship.
The engravings hold a special place in couple s life, it keeps reminding them their love for each other and what they think of each other, it acts like a guardian angel that s always watching and taking care of their relationship.
Before you get your diamond wedding ring engraved, you must be sure you get the right size ring or you might end up damaging the letters while sizing. You could either go for hand engraving or machine engraving. If you are getting your ring hand engraved, then be sure you get it done by a professional artisan who s some of the previous works you ve seen, so that you could judge his quality accordingly.
How Important Is Engraving Your Diamond Wedding Ring
Previous：How A Unique Men's Leather Wrist Band
The wedding ring that s exchanged on the most auspicious day in a couple s life has a lot of sentimental values attached to it. An engraving on the ring would make the ring and the occasion all the more special.
In the vintage ring if one has noticed the best part is not the diamond embedded but the inscription that s written on the ring.
The inscription could be anything, from the name of your partner to the date of you re wedding to anything. It actually gives you an opportunity to be creative and to think out of the box. You could also have a short poem or a phrase engraved on the diamond wedding ring or anything that best describes your relationship.
The engravings hold a special place in couple s life, it keeps reminding them their love for each other and what they think of each other, it acts like a guardian angel that s always watching and taking care of their relationship.
Before you get your diamond wedding ring engraved, you must be sure you get the right size ring or you might end up damaging the letters while sizing. You could either go for hand engraving or machine engraving. If you are getting your ring hand engraved, then be sure you get it done by a professional artisan who s some of the previous works you ve seen, so that you could judge his quality accordingly.
How Important Is Engraving Your Diamond Wedding Ring
Previous：How A Unique Men's Leather Wrist Band
How A Unique Men s Leather Wrist Band-Replica Watches
Making leather wristbands can be a fun way to spend time with your children or become a new hobby as an outlet for your creative side. Whatever the reason may be, it can be somewhat inexpensive and a fantastic way to bond with friends and family. Because leather wrist bands have been around for so long and are making a comeback in today's fashion, you could also make these as Christmas gifts or birthday presents, or even as way to show your adoration or love for someone dear to you.
First you need to gather all the materials that you will need for this project. These will include: paper and pen, leather wristband of your choice, utility knife, rivet tools and rivets, leather dyes, sharpies, leather stamps, leather stamping tool handle, wooden mallet, wooden block that will be your work space, a sponge, bowl of water, and a leather sheen of some other type of commercial leather finish.
1. First take the piece of paper and cut it out to the size and shape that you want your wristband to be to where it will be comfortable when wearing it. Make sure to leave enough overlapping space at each end to ensure that you will have enough space to add you rivet or snap, 1/2 to 1/4 in. is adequate space for these. Once you have the paper band cut out, use this to cut the leather strap using your utility knife on your wooden block and use your markings on the paper to guide you where to put the rivets or snaps. Once you have put these in place, put the band on ensuring comfort and wear-ability.
2. If you don't want the conventional straight edge on your wristband, take your paper once again and draw out the design you desire. Using this template, take your utility knife and place the leather on the wooden block and cut the design of your choice.
3. To stamp leather, first draw the design that you want on the leather band. Make sure you center your design and once you have done that, select your leather stamp of choice and put it on your tool handle and set it aside. Dip your sponge into the bowl of water and wring out the excess. Put your leather band on the wooden block and dampen the area you wish to stamp, making sure the water doesn't pool. Make sure that as you are working with the leather that it stays damp or the stamp won't take like its supposed to. Using your mallet, hit the opposite end of the stamp once you have placed it on the design area. Check and make sure the lines are dark enough for your liking and if they aren't, the leather may not be moist enough to take the impression.
4. If you want to add rivets, put a rivet on one end of rivet setting tool against where you d like your rivet and strike the other end with your mallet.
5. Once your leather wristband is dry, you are now ready to add the coat of sheen and just like that you are all done!
How A Unique Men's Leather Wrist Band
Previous：Guide To Pandora Jewelry - A Company History, Creating Your Own Charm Bracelet And Care Instructions
First you need to gather all the materials that you will need for this project. These will include: paper and pen, leather wristband of your choice, utility knife, rivet tools and rivets, leather dyes, sharpies, leather stamps, leather stamping tool handle, wooden mallet, wooden block that will be your work space, a sponge, bowl of water, and a leather sheen of some other type of commercial leather finish.
1. First take the piece of paper and cut it out to the size and shape that you want your wristband to be to where it will be comfortable when wearing it. Make sure to leave enough overlapping space at each end to ensure that you will have enough space to add you rivet or snap, 1/2 to 1/4 in. is adequate space for these. Once you have the paper band cut out, use this to cut the leather strap using your utility knife on your wooden block and use your markings on the paper to guide you where to put the rivets or snaps. Once you have put these in place, put the band on ensuring comfort and wear-ability.
2. If you don't want the conventional straight edge on your wristband, take your paper once again and draw out the design you desire. Using this template, take your utility knife and place the leather on the wooden block and cut the design of your choice.
3. To stamp leather, first draw the design that you want on the leather band. Make sure you center your design and once you have done that, select your leather stamp of choice and put it on your tool handle and set it aside. Dip your sponge into the bowl of water and wring out the excess. Put your leather band on the wooden block and dampen the area you wish to stamp, making sure the water doesn't pool. Make sure that as you are working with the leather that it stays damp or the stamp won't take like its supposed to. Using your mallet, hit the opposite end of the stamp once you have placed it on the design area. Check and make sure the lines are dark enough for your liking and if they aren't, the leather may not be moist enough to take the impression.
4. If you want to add rivets, put a rivet on one end of rivet setting tool against where you d like your rivet and strike the other end with your mallet.
5. Once your leather wristband is dry, you are now ready to add the coat of sheen and just like that you are all done!
How A Unique Men's Leather Wrist Band
Previous：Guide To Pandora Jewelry - A Company History, Creating Your Own Charm Bracelet And Care Instructions
How A Display Rack Can Help To Boost Store Sales-Replica Watches
No matter where you live, no matter what you sell, a well placed display rack can help increase sales. Many consumers shop on a sight-seen basis. They might not think about a specific purchase until they see it in front of them. Display racks are a wonderful way to get those little items out in front of the customer and helps boost sales.
A few items that work well in a display rack might include everything from books and magazines to trial sized toothpaste and nail clippers. Think about all those impulse buys seen in grocery and department stores that are set right next to the check out lines. As a person stands in line waiting their turn, they see all those little items and often pick something up without much thought.
Other shops that might find use for well positioned display racks are music stores. Because the trends in today's music changes so rapidly, it's important to be able to change the latest CDs out at a moment's notice. They also help promote newer artists and works by getting their faces out in front of the public.
Second-hand stores and thrift shops are another place where display racks can come into play. From jewelry and belts to house wares and knickknacks, there are several items that can be displayed for the customers to see. When shopping, at a store that has so much variation in product, some of the smaller items might need to have a little prominence in placement.
The biggest question might not be in how to display, but which displays to use. The truth is that there are several display rack options to choose from. For books and magazines, a large floor model might be best. Most are revolving and make it easier for the customer to see all titles. Smaller shops might only need a tabletop design that showcases smaller items like watches or even hair accessories. Whatever the merchandise, there's a display rack that can show it off and help make a sale.
How A Display Rack Can Help To Boost Store Sales
Previous：Hanky Panky Panties - How To Determine What Size Panties To Buy When You Shop Online
A few items that work well in a display rack might include everything from books and magazines to trial sized toothpaste and nail clippers. Think about all those impulse buys seen in grocery and department stores that are set right next to the check out lines. As a person stands in line waiting their turn, they see all those little items and often pick something up without much thought.
Other shops that might find use for well positioned display racks are music stores. Because the trends in today's music changes so rapidly, it's important to be able to change the latest CDs out at a moment's notice. They also help promote newer artists and works by getting their faces out in front of the public.
Second-hand stores and thrift shops are another place where display racks can come into play. From jewelry and belts to house wares and knickknacks, there are several items that can be displayed for the customers to see. When shopping, at a store that has so much variation in product, some of the smaller items might need to have a little prominence in placement.
The biggest question might not be in how to display, but which displays to use. The truth is that there are several display rack options to choose from. For books and magazines, a large floor model might be best. Most are revolving and make it easier for the customer to see all titles. Smaller shops might only need a tabletop design that showcases smaller items like watches or even hair accessories. Whatever the merchandise, there's a display rack that can show it off and help make a sale.
How A Display Rack Can Help To Boost Store Sales
Previous：Hanky Panky Panties - How To Determine What Size Panties To Buy When You Shop Online
Home Safe Home-Replica Watches
The safety of your family and property is undoubtedly one of your most important daily concerns: as it should be! Too many of us simply waltz through the day assuming that because we live in a fairly safe city or town or because we also were careful to select a home in a Norman Rockwell-type neighborhood or gated community that we could never be hit by home invasion crimes. But this kind of thinking is unwise and unrealistic: the truth is crime happens EVERYWHERE and does not discriminate. The bad economic climate has been marked by a significant spike in home invasion crimes according to the latest FBI statistics.
Here are some of the basic steps every homeowner should take to ensure their family's safety.
Protect Your Family:
Most home invasion burglaries or robberies are crimes of opportunity; so make it hard for a potential thief to enter in the first place.
Install an alarm system: Although alarms do not guarantee safety, they can act as an effective deterrent because loud noise attracts attention. And attention is the last thing a burglar wants.
Pay attention to your exterior doors: If your doors are made from hollow wood, it doesn't take much exertion for a thief to break it down. Have solid metal doors with deadbolts installed and make sure to keep the bolt securely in place even when your family is home; and never leave windows open during the day when the family is away: a huge percentage of home invasions take place in broad daylight.
Motion-sensitive lighting: Again, a burglar will avoid detection at all costs. Installing motion-sensitive lighting around your garage door area, front door, back door, on the corners of your house and even on fencing around the perimeter of your property will go a long way toward preventing crimes of opportunity.
Protect Your Belongings:
Crime fighting organizations maintain that a burglar who breaks into your home will only take about 6 minutes to look around and assess what can be easily taken. This window of time is his "comfort zone" if he needs to take longer he risks getting caught. The harder you can make it for a criminal to take your stuff, the better. Home safes are therefore ideal tools for safeguarding the types of items burglars look for first: money, jewelry, watches, and guns that they can quickly cash in on. Out of sight: out of mind; and a safe takes away the "crime of opportunity" factor altogether.
Taking the above steps is like an insurance policy against your family being victimized: there are never any absolute guarantees, but you'll definitely sleep better at night. Crime happens to the best of people every day: protect your family first and then protect your belongings by investing in home safes.
Home Safe Home
Previous：Handmade Regalia At Affordable Prices Online
Here are some of the basic steps every homeowner should take to ensure their family's safety.
Protect Your Family:
Most home invasion burglaries or robberies are crimes of opportunity; so make it hard for a potential thief to enter in the first place.
Install an alarm system: Although alarms do not guarantee safety, they can act as an effective deterrent because loud noise attracts attention. And attention is the last thing a burglar wants.
Pay attention to your exterior doors: If your doors are made from hollow wood, it doesn't take much exertion for a thief to break it down. Have solid metal doors with deadbolts installed and make sure to keep the bolt securely in place even when your family is home; and never leave windows open during the day when the family is away: a huge percentage of home invasions take place in broad daylight.
Motion-sensitive lighting: Again, a burglar will avoid detection at all costs. Installing motion-sensitive lighting around your garage door area, front door, back door, on the corners of your house and even on fencing around the perimeter of your property will go a long way toward preventing crimes of opportunity.
Protect Your Belongings:
Crime fighting organizations maintain that a burglar who breaks into your home will only take about 6 minutes to look around and assess what can be easily taken. This window of time is his "comfort zone" if he needs to take longer he risks getting caught. The harder you can make it for a criminal to take your stuff, the better. Home safes are therefore ideal tools for safeguarding the types of items burglars look for first: money, jewelry, watches, and guns that they can quickly cash in on. Out of sight: out of mind; and a safe takes away the "crime of opportunity" factor altogether.
Taking the above steps is like an insurance policy against your family being victimized: there are never any absolute guarantees, but you'll definitely sleep better at night. Crime happens to the best of people every day: protect your family first and then protect your belongings by investing in home safes.
Home Safe Home
Previous：Handmade Regalia At Affordable Prices Online
Hanky Panky Panties - How To Determine What Size Panties To Buy When You Shop Online-Replica Watches
Hanky Panky panties are known as being the most comfortable fitting panties in the world, because when you buy the right size for your body's shape, you don't even feel like you're wearing panties. Nevertheless, how do you determine what's the perfect size when you buy panties online
As women, we all know that a size "small" means different measurements to different vendors. Therefore, it's not easy to find a store online that sells Hanky Panky panties and assume that a size small at Victoria's Secret will be the same as buying a size small or a "one size fits all" at another store. Sizing in America is not consistent among panty manufacturers.
Women want panties that fit their body's shape and contour, and we don't want panties that ride up or feel unnatural. To help you through the painful process of buying and exchanging panties at a local store or mall, there is a way that you can buy panties online with almost guaranteed success...size-wise.
How to Find the Right Size Panties for Your Body's Size and Shape
When buying panties online, especially Hanky Panky panties, you need to know only two measurements-your waist and your hips. Ideally, you will have an assistant or a close friend who can measure you. It will save you a lot of time, and since someone else is measuring you, she will most likely take more accurate measurements than you could perform on yourself. Make sure that your body's measurements correspond to the sizing available for the panties you're buying.
How to Take Your Waist Measurement
You can take your waist measurement by wrapping a cloth tape measure around the natural break in your waist. To locate your waist's location, if it isn't obvious, just bend to one side (right or left). Find the crease that results while you're bending sideways. Place your finger there to mark the location. Then just measure around, and jot down the number of inches for your waist's size.
How to Take Your Hip Measurement
Take the tape measure and wrap it around the fullest part of your hips, and make sure that the line of the tape measure is parallel to the floor. (That's why it's best to have someone assist you.)
Once you have your waist and hip measurements written down on a sheet of paper, the next things to consider are the fabric choices, styles, and the stated sizes that the site carries in their inventory.
Finally, to determine your correct panty size, if your measurements fall between two panty sizes on the website's sizing chart, choose the larger size in the measurement's range. For example, if your waist measurement is twenty-nine to thirty inches, and your hip measurement is thirty-nine to forty inches, the equivalent panty size would be a size seven, or a large.
Hanky Panky Panties - How To Determine What Size Panties To Buy When You Shop Online
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As women, we all know that a size "small" means different measurements to different vendors. Therefore, it's not easy to find a store online that sells Hanky Panky panties and assume that a size small at Victoria's Secret will be the same as buying a size small or a "one size fits all" at another store. Sizing in America is not consistent among panty manufacturers.
Women want panties that fit their body's shape and contour, and we don't want panties that ride up or feel unnatural. To help you through the painful process of buying and exchanging panties at a local store or mall, there is a way that you can buy panties online with almost guaranteed success...size-wise.
How to Find the Right Size Panties for Your Body's Size and Shape
When buying panties online, especially Hanky Panky panties, you need to know only two measurements-your waist and your hips. Ideally, you will have an assistant or a close friend who can measure you. It will save you a lot of time, and since someone else is measuring you, she will most likely take more accurate measurements than you could perform on yourself. Make sure that your body's measurements correspond to the sizing available for the panties you're buying.
How to Take Your Waist Measurement
You can take your waist measurement by wrapping a cloth tape measure around the natural break in your waist. To locate your waist's location, if it isn't obvious, just bend to one side (right or left). Find the crease that results while you're bending sideways. Place your finger there to mark the location. Then just measure around, and jot down the number of inches for your waist's size.
How to Take Your Hip Measurement
Take the tape measure and wrap it around the fullest part of your hips, and make sure that the line of the tape measure is parallel to the floor. (That's why it's best to have someone assist you.)
Once you have your waist and hip measurements written down on a sheet of paper, the next things to consider are the fabric choices, styles, and the stated sizes that the site carries in their inventory.
Finally, to determine your correct panty size, if your measurements fall between two panty sizes on the website's sizing chart, choose the larger size in the measurement's range. For example, if your waist measurement is twenty-nine to thirty inches, and your hip measurement is thirty-nine to forty inches, the equivalent panty size would be a size seven, or a large.
Hanky Panky Panties - How To Determine What Size Panties To Buy When You Shop Online
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Handmade Regalia At Affordable Prices Online-Replica Watches
Freemasonry is for everyone irrespective of their caste and creed. It is no longer practiced by the Christians only. What matters is your unflinching faith in God. If you have faith in Almighty, you can practice it. Masons practiced tolerance, brotherhood and respect for one another. The tradition of passing Masonic symbols is no secret. These symbols are also known as Masonic regalia that can range from lapel pins to mallets, badges to bookmarks and more. You can navigate a wide range of these collectibles online. You can check out reputable regalia stores on the web. There is tremendous importance attached to these items. They have an air of mystery around them. They have a touch of extravagance and royalty.
You can check out identifiable symbols of freemasonry including square and compass online. There are some sites that have been created by freemasons who sell Masonic regalia worldwide. There are various stores that deal in such goods. You can rest assured that the regalia are of high quality and available at reasonable prices. They are hand embroidered and manufactured with utmost care and precision. These include cufflinks, crystal paperweights, bookmarks, gloves, aprons, ties, etc. These Masonic symbols are of great importance. They have a touch of elegance and royalty. They depict high status. You don t need to pay through your nose to buy these items. They are available at competitive prices online.
If you are looking for Masonic regalia items, you can check with the Hiram shop. It offers the finest quality Masonic items. It has been created by freemasons and it will surely meet all your needs. Online, you will be exposed to a wide variety of items. You can select from an eclectic variety of bow-ties, ties, watches, lapel pins, letter openers, table hangers, officer collars and more. These items are available in eye catching colors, designs and styles. There are also other items including pens, wallets, moneyclips, belt buckles and keyrings among others. You can type in specific keywords and find the product that you are looking for. You can browse these products from the comfort of your home. Such is the convenience of online shopping.
More and more people seem to have taken a fancy to Masonic regalia items. There has been an increasing demand for these items. Stocking up these unique art pieces is a craze fast catching up. These items are aesthetically appealing and eye catching. They are handmade and are available in various styles, colors and designs. The phenomenal demand for these items can be attributed to quality and royalty . These items are of high quality and have a touch of royalty to them. Moreover, they are available at affordable prices online. You don t need to spend a fortune to buy these items. Thanks to the advancements in technology, you can buy these items at the touch of a button.
Handmade Regalia At Affordable Prices Online
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You can check out identifiable symbols of freemasonry including square and compass online. There are some sites that have been created by freemasons who sell Masonic regalia worldwide. There are various stores that deal in such goods. You can rest assured that the regalia are of high quality and available at reasonable prices. They are hand embroidered and manufactured with utmost care and precision. These include cufflinks, crystal paperweights, bookmarks, gloves, aprons, ties, etc. These Masonic symbols are of great importance. They have a touch of elegance and royalty. They depict high status. You don t need to pay through your nose to buy these items. They are available at competitive prices online.
If you are looking for Masonic regalia items, you can check with the Hiram shop. It offers the finest quality Masonic items. It has been created by freemasons and it will surely meet all your needs. Online, you will be exposed to a wide variety of items. You can select from an eclectic variety of bow-ties, ties, watches, lapel pins, letter openers, table hangers, officer collars and more. These items are available in eye catching colors, designs and styles. There are also other items including pens, wallets, moneyclips, belt buckles and keyrings among others. You can type in specific keywords and find the product that you are looking for. You can browse these products from the comfort of your home. Such is the convenience of online shopping.
More and more people seem to have taken a fancy to Masonic regalia items. There has been an increasing demand for these items. Stocking up these unique art pieces is a craze fast catching up. These items are aesthetically appealing and eye catching. They are handmade and are available in various styles, colors and designs. The phenomenal demand for these items can be attributed to quality and royalty . These items are of high quality and have a touch of royalty to them. Moreover, they are available at affordable prices online. You don t need to spend a fortune to buy these items. Thanks to the advancements in technology, you can buy these items at the touch of a button.
Handmade Regalia At Affordable Prices Online
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Handmade Cufflinks For Men s - Select From Exclusive Collection-Replica Watches
Men s cufflinks are one of the popular accessories that are in vogue and are a part of formal attire. It is worn with full sleeves shirt and are especially worn on formal events. There are different styles of men s accessories available these days and the handmade cufflinks are a part of it. If you also wish to buy designer cufflinks and want to make them a part of your wardrobe then you can opt for cufflinks in silver.
Silver cufflinks have been popular since ages and continue to be a part of men s accessories. Many people wear them daily also as it adds a special touch to their look and makes them look stylish and elegant. These days the men s cufflinks come in various different settings and style. So if you like collecting the handmade cufflinks then you have good choices available with you.
Many of the brands have introduced men s fashion accessories and they deal in designer cufflinks as well. You can opt for a good brand and check their exclusive collection of cufflinks. Whether you want simple cufflinks or stylish ones, you have the option to buy them from these brands.
These days the handmade cufflinks come with stone setting as well. So if you want to opt for diamond studded designer cufflinks or want to buy cufflinks with semi precious stones then again you have a plethora of choices available to you. These are not only apt for formal occasion but can be worn with your denims also and give your wardrobe a sophisticated touch. From subtle looking small cufflinks to stylish handmade silver cufflinks, there are a lot of choices available now.
Apart from men s cufflinks other fashion accessories are also gaining a lot of popularity with the metro sexual men. They can add richness to their wardrobe by simply investing in accessories like designer socks, silk ties, scarves, designer socks, watches and other such items. It can prove to be a good investment and can complement all your formal wear and casual wear. Apart from using these accessories or the cufflinks for your personal use, you also have the option to use them as gifts and can give it your friends who would simply adore it.
Thus the silver cufflinks can not only be a part of your wardrobe but can be an impressive gift item as well. You can now select from exclusive collection and add new and stylish cufflinks to your collection.
Handmade Cufflinks For Men's - Select From Exclusive Collection
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Silver cufflinks have been popular since ages and continue to be a part of men s accessories. Many people wear them daily also as it adds a special touch to their look and makes them look stylish and elegant. These days the men s cufflinks come in various different settings and style. So if you like collecting the handmade cufflinks then you have good choices available with you.
Many of the brands have introduced men s fashion accessories and they deal in designer cufflinks as well. You can opt for a good brand and check their exclusive collection of cufflinks. Whether you want simple cufflinks or stylish ones, you have the option to buy them from these brands.
These days the handmade cufflinks come with stone setting as well. So if you want to opt for diamond studded designer cufflinks or want to buy cufflinks with semi precious stones then again you have a plethora of choices available to you. These are not only apt for formal occasion but can be worn with your denims also and give your wardrobe a sophisticated touch. From subtle looking small cufflinks to stylish handmade silver cufflinks, there are a lot of choices available now.
Apart from men s cufflinks other fashion accessories are also gaining a lot of popularity with the metro sexual men. They can add richness to their wardrobe by simply investing in accessories like designer socks, silk ties, scarves, designer socks, watches and other such items. It can prove to be a good investment and can complement all your formal wear and casual wear. Apart from using these accessories or the cufflinks for your personal use, you also have the option to use them as gifts and can give it your friends who would simply adore it.
Thus the silver cufflinks can not only be a part of your wardrobe but can be an impressive gift item as well. You can now select from exclusive collection and add new and stylish cufflinks to your collection.
Handmade Cufflinks For Men's - Select From Exclusive Collection
Previous：Global Positioning System
Groomsmen Gifts ? What Are The Best Gifts For These Guys?-Replica Watches
Choosing the best gifts for groomsmen is what most groom would like to end up doing. It is not everyday that you can give gifts to your loyal and trusted buddies, so why not exert some effort to choose what is best for them Your groomsmen could be your closest buddies since childhood. Perhaps you've all shared lots of craziness in these long years of friendship, and now that you are getting married you knew that they will be there for you no matter what.
Showing gratitude to your groomsmen can be as simple and easy as giving them groomsmen gifts. But since they are very special to you, you want to put extra thought on the gifts you would want to offer. For your groomsmen, anything that comes from you is enough to make them happy, but for you, you want something that will wow them or impress them. You don't have to spend a fortune on this idea, though. Set a budget and stick with it. Your groomsmen surely understand that planning a wedding can be very expensive, and so they will be just fine with whatever you will give them.
Gifts can be given anytime before the wedding day. One of the best times is at your bachelor party, where your groomsmen will be gathered to celebrate your last full blast night out as a single man. Or, you might want to give gifts instead at your rehearsal dinner or wedding shower.
One sure fire way to impress the groomsmen is by giving them something that is related to them, or something that is within their personal preferences and hobbies. Every groomsman is unique, that's why you need to be careful when choosing individual gift for each of them, though you can also provide them the same kind of token but make sure that they will gonna use it. You can think of giving each one of them a nice engraved flask or beer mug, since most guys love beers and other liquors. Or if they smoke, any cigar accessory will do.
Depending on the personality of your groomsmen, gifts can either be formal, less formal, or extremely not formal (something that bring a huge laugh to the gathering). You can create a theme for your gifts. For example, if the tokens will be given at your bachelor party, which happens to have a theme like fishing or camping, choose groomsmen gifts that are most related to these themes like pocket knives, cooler chairs, barbecue kits and the like.
Once you've chosen the best gifts for your groomsmen, you might consider having them personalized by either engraving, embroidering, or embossing their names or initials. Groomsmen gifts such as pocket knives, pocket watches, money clips, cufflinks, and flasks are just a few that can be personalized with a name or initials of each groomsman. You can find a much wider options of personalized groomsmen gifts online. There are now thousands of online stores that specialize on such gifts.
Groomsmen Gifts ? What Are The Best Gifts For These Guys?
Previous：Finding The Right Stuff For Your Home
Showing gratitude to your groomsmen can be as simple and easy as giving them groomsmen gifts. But since they are very special to you, you want to put extra thought on the gifts you would want to offer. For your groomsmen, anything that comes from you is enough to make them happy, but for you, you want something that will wow them or impress them. You don't have to spend a fortune on this idea, though. Set a budget and stick with it. Your groomsmen surely understand that planning a wedding can be very expensive, and so they will be just fine with whatever you will give them.
Gifts can be given anytime before the wedding day. One of the best times is at your bachelor party, where your groomsmen will be gathered to celebrate your last full blast night out as a single man. Or, you might want to give gifts instead at your rehearsal dinner or wedding shower.
One sure fire way to impress the groomsmen is by giving them something that is related to them, or something that is within their personal preferences and hobbies. Every groomsman is unique, that's why you need to be careful when choosing individual gift for each of them, though you can also provide them the same kind of token but make sure that they will gonna use it. You can think of giving each one of them a nice engraved flask or beer mug, since most guys love beers and other liquors. Or if they smoke, any cigar accessory will do.
Depending on the personality of your groomsmen, gifts can either be formal, less formal, or extremely not formal (something that bring a huge laugh to the gathering). You can create a theme for your gifts. For example, if the tokens will be given at your bachelor party, which happens to have a theme like fishing or camping, choose groomsmen gifts that are most related to these themes like pocket knives, cooler chairs, barbecue kits and the like.
Once you've chosen the best gifts for your groomsmen, you might consider having them personalized by either engraving, embroidering, or embossing their names or initials. Groomsmen gifts such as pocket knives, pocket watches, money clips, cufflinks, and flasks are just a few that can be personalized with a name or initials of each groomsman. You can find a much wider options of personalized groomsmen gifts online. There are now thousands of online stores that specialize on such gifts.
Groomsmen Gifts ? What Are The Best Gifts For These Guys?
Previous：Finding The Right Stuff For Your Home
Global Positioning System-Replica Watches
I INTRODUCTION
Global Positioning System (GPS), space-based radio-navigation system (see Navigation), consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.
II HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
GPS, formally known as the Navstar Global Positioning System, was initiated in 1973 to reduce the proliferation of navigation aids. GPS is operated and maintained by the United States Department of Defense. By creating a system that overcame the limitations of many existing navigation systems, GPS became attractive to a broad spectrum of users. GPS has been successful in classical navigation applications, and because its capabilities are accessible using small, inexpensive equipment, GPS has also been used in many new applications.
III HOW GPS WORKS
GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time (see Clocks and Watches: Atomic Clocks). The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations of the satellites and to make other adjustments needed for accurate positioning. The receiver uses the time difference between the time of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance, or range, from the receiver to the satellite. The receiver must account for propagation delays, or decreases in the signal's speed caused by the ionosphere and the troposphere. With information about the ranges to three satellites and the location of the satellite when the signal was sent, the receiver can compute its own three-dimensional position.
An atomic clock synchronized to GPS is required in order to compute ranges from these three signals. However, by taking a measurement from a fourth satellite, the receiver avoids the need for an atomic clock. Thus, the receiver uses four satellites to compute latitude, longitude, altitude, and time.
IV THE PARTS OF GPS
GPS comprises three segments: the space, control, and user segments. The space segment includes the satellites and the Delta rockets that launch the satellites from Cape Canaveral, in Florida. GPS satellites fly in circular orbits at an altitude of 20,100 km (12,500 mi) and with a period of 12 hours. The orbits are tilted to the earth's equator by 55 degrees to ensure coverage of polar regions. Powered by solar cells, the satellites continuously orient themselves to point their solar panels toward the sun and their antennas toward the earth. Each satellite contains four atomic clocks.
The control segment includes the master control station at Falcon Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and monitor stations at Falcon Air Force Base and on Hawaii, Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean, Diego Garcia Atoll in the Indian Ocean, and Kwajalein Island in the South Pacific Ocean. These stations monitor the GPS satellites. The control segment uses measurements collected by the monitor stations to predict the behavior of each satellite's orbit and clock. The prediction data is uplinked, or transmitted, to the satellites for transmission to the users. The control segment also ensures that the GPS satellite orbits and clocks remain within acceptable limits.
The user segment includes the equipment of the military personnel and civilians who receive GPS signals. Military GPS user equipment has been integrated into fighters, bombers, tankers, helicopters, ships, submarines, tanks, jeeps, and soldiers' equipment. In addition to basic navigation activities, military applications of GPS include target designation, close air support, smart weapons, and rendezvous.
With more than 500,000 GPS receivers, the civilian community has its own large and diverse user segment. Surveyors use GPS to save time over standard survey methods. GPS is used by aircraft and ships for en route navigation and for airport or harbor approaches. GPS tracking systems are used to route and monitor delivery vans and emergency vehicles. In a method called precision farming, GPS is used to monitor and control the application of agricultural fertilizer and pesticides. GPS is available as an in-car navigation aid and is used by hikers and hunters. GPS is also used on the Space Shuttle (see Space Exploration: Space Shuttle). Because the GPS user does not need to communicate with the satellite, GPS can serve an unlimited number of users.
V GPS CAPABILITIES
GPS is available in two basic forms: the standard positioning service (SPS) and the precise positioning service (PPS). SPS provides a horizontal position that is accurate to about 100 m (about 330 ft); PPS is accurate to about 20 m (about 70 ft). For authorized users normally the United States military and its allies PPS also provides greater resistance to jamming and immunity to deceptive signals.
Enhanced techniques such as differential GPS (DGPS) and the use of a carrier frequency processing have been developed for GPS (see Carrier Wave). DGPS employs fixed stations on the earth as well as satellites and provides a horizontal position accurate to about 3 m (about 10 ft). Surveyors pioneered the use of a carrier frequency processing to compute positions to within about 1 cm (about 0.4 in). SPS, DGPS, and carrier techniques are accessible to all users.
The availability of GPS is currently limited by the number and integrity of the satellites in orbit. Outages due to failed satellites still occur and affect many users simultaneously. Failures can be detected immediately and users can be notified within seconds or minutes depending on the user's specific situation. Most repairs are accomplished within one hour. As GPS becomes integrated into critical operations such as traffic control in the national airspace system, techniques for monitoring the integrity of GPS on-board and for rapid notification of failures are being developed and implemented.
VI THE FUTURE OF GPS
As of 2001, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment satellites are ready for launch, and contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.
Global Positioning System
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Global Positioning System (GPS), space-based radio-navigation system (see Navigation), consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.
II HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
GPS, formally known as the Navstar Global Positioning System, was initiated in 1973 to reduce the proliferation of navigation aids. GPS is operated and maintained by the United States Department of Defense. By creating a system that overcame the limitations of many existing navigation systems, GPS became attractive to a broad spectrum of users. GPS has been successful in classical navigation applications, and because its capabilities are accessible using small, inexpensive equipment, GPS has also been used in many new applications.
III HOW GPS WORKS
GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time (see Clocks and Watches: Atomic Clocks). The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations of the satellites and to make other adjustments needed for accurate positioning. The receiver uses the time difference between the time of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance, or range, from the receiver to the satellite. The receiver must account for propagation delays, or decreases in the signal's speed caused by the ionosphere and the troposphere. With information about the ranges to three satellites and the location of the satellite when the signal was sent, the receiver can compute its own three-dimensional position.
An atomic clock synchronized to GPS is required in order to compute ranges from these three signals. However, by taking a measurement from a fourth satellite, the receiver avoids the need for an atomic clock. Thus, the receiver uses four satellites to compute latitude, longitude, altitude, and time.
IV THE PARTS OF GPS
GPS comprises three segments: the space, control, and user segments. The space segment includes the satellites and the Delta rockets that launch the satellites from Cape Canaveral, in Florida. GPS satellites fly in circular orbits at an altitude of 20,100 km (12,500 mi) and with a period of 12 hours. The orbits are tilted to the earth's equator by 55 degrees to ensure coverage of polar regions. Powered by solar cells, the satellites continuously orient themselves to point their solar panels toward the sun and their antennas toward the earth. Each satellite contains four atomic clocks.
The control segment includes the master control station at Falcon Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and monitor stations at Falcon Air Force Base and on Hawaii, Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean, Diego Garcia Atoll in the Indian Ocean, and Kwajalein Island in the South Pacific Ocean. These stations monitor the GPS satellites. The control segment uses measurements collected by the monitor stations to predict the behavior of each satellite's orbit and clock. The prediction data is uplinked, or transmitted, to the satellites for transmission to the users. The control segment also ensures that the GPS satellite orbits and clocks remain within acceptable limits.
The user segment includes the equipment of the military personnel and civilians who receive GPS signals. Military GPS user equipment has been integrated into fighters, bombers, tankers, helicopters, ships, submarines, tanks, jeeps, and soldiers' equipment. In addition to basic navigation activities, military applications of GPS include target designation, close air support, smart weapons, and rendezvous.
With more than 500,000 GPS receivers, the civilian community has its own large and diverse user segment. Surveyors use GPS to save time over standard survey methods. GPS is used by aircraft and ships for en route navigation and for airport or harbor approaches. GPS tracking systems are used to route and monitor delivery vans and emergency vehicles. In a method called precision farming, GPS is used to monitor and control the application of agricultural fertilizer and pesticides. GPS is available as an in-car navigation aid and is used by hikers and hunters. GPS is also used on the Space Shuttle (see Space Exploration: Space Shuttle). Because the GPS user does not need to communicate with the satellite, GPS can serve an unlimited number of users.
V GPS CAPABILITIES
GPS is available in two basic forms: the standard positioning service (SPS) and the precise positioning service (PPS). SPS provides a horizontal position that is accurate to about 100 m (about 330 ft); PPS is accurate to about 20 m (about 70 ft). For authorized users normally the United States military and its allies PPS also provides greater resistance to jamming and immunity to deceptive signals.
Enhanced techniques such as differential GPS (DGPS) and the use of a carrier frequency processing have been developed for GPS (see Carrier Wave). DGPS employs fixed stations on the earth as well as satellites and provides a horizontal position accurate to about 3 m (about 10 ft). Surveyors pioneered the use of a carrier frequency processing to compute positions to within about 1 cm (about 0.4 in). SPS, DGPS, and carrier techniques are accessible to all users.
The availability of GPS is currently limited by the number and integrity of the satellites in orbit. Outages due to failed satellites still occur and affect many users simultaneously. Failures can be detected immediately and users can be notified within seconds or minutes depending on the user's specific situation. Most repairs are accomplished within one hour. As GPS becomes integrated into critical operations such as traffic control in the national airspace system, techniques for monitoring the integrity of GPS on-board and for rapid notification of failures are being developed and implemented.
VI THE FUTURE OF GPS
As of 2001, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment satellites are ready for launch, and contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.
Global Positioning System
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Functions And Limitations Of The Bmi Calculator-Replica Watches
BMI, which stands for "body-mass index", is a very popular measure for obesity. It is calculated by taking your weight in kilos and dividing it by the square of your height in metres. It is also known as the Quetelet Index, after its Belgian founder. It is used around the world by many governments in their official health standards. Find out a little bit more about the BMI and some objections against using this popular standard.
What is Seen to be the Ideal Score
When you have a score of 20 to 25 you are seen to be of normal weight. Anything over 25 is overweight and over 30 is obese. Under 20 is considered to be unhealthy as well, because you are deemed to be scrawny--that is, unhealthy light-weight. You probably lack energy and are in need of muscle.
Shortcomings of the BMI calculator
If you are a runner who is going to use the BMI calculator to determine whether or not you are fit, healthy, or having success with your running or fitness program, you need to be aware of some shortcomings of the BMI calculation. First of all, Quetelet lived in the 1800s. People looked and lived differently back then. People were generally a lot shorter.
The BMI calculator assumes an average lifestyle to begin with. This means it assumes that you are, for the most part, sedentary, with almost all of your physical exercise coming from walking, working etc. It also assumes that you eat a typical modern diet, which as we know by now is not all that good for keeping off the unwanted pounds.
BMI Calculator: Problem with Runners
If you are a runner, you are not the average person. You don't have a sedentary lifestyle and you will typically have made some conscious dietary choices as well. You will also drink more water than the average person today, and water consumption is well known for aiding weight loss. Now, this means that the BMI calculator could be problematic for you as a runner. It may show that you are "scrawny" when in fact it's obvious that you are all slender muscles and filled with vitality and energy.
There are other potential problems that you may face if you use the BMI calculator as an indicator of health and wellness.
BMI calculator: Problem with Older People
Older people (people over 60) tend to lose an inch or two off of their height as they age, but they don't lose weight as readily as they did when they were younger. Therefore, if you're an older runner, the BMI calculator may show that you are "out of shape", probably "overweight" when in fact you are not.
BMI calculator: Problem with an "ectomorph" body type
Some people are naturally just not as apt to put on weight as other people, yet they are not unhealthy at all. Asian people tend to fall into this category more often than other races. So if you are Asian, or if you know that you are an "ectomorph" body type, the BMI calculator may say you are in the 20 to 25 range while you are truly overweight (you have too much fat tissue, not enough lean muscle). Likewise, it may tell you that you are "scrawny" when in fact, pound for pound, you are quite strong.
BMI calculator: Problem with Tall People
Tall people (basically those over 6 ft. tall) don't do well with the BMI calculator. The calculation just doesn't consider them realistically enough, because back in the days of Quetelet, he did not have those people around to test his calculation!
BMI calculator: Problem with Muscular People
People who are quite muscular don't do well with the BMI calculator, because muscle weighs more than fat. So, athletically muscular people very often turn out "overweight". Many of the elite 100-metre sprinters today are, based on BMI, overweight. Only Usain "Lightning" Bolt probably has a healthy BMI. He baffles scientists exactly because of that. He is considered to be not muscular enough for the speed he runs at!
It is interesting to see that such a widely-adopted measure has got so many shortcomings for so many people. The body-mass index is simply out of date. Many governments however have not moved with the times yet and use this as a main measure for the health of their population.
It is good to see that the New Zealand government has recently made some changes. It now uses a measure of the hip size and waist size as it has been proven that the ratio between those is very indicative of heart and cardiovascular problems later in life. And this makes sense: if you carry too much belly fat for your posture you are in trouble. Based on BMI all may still be fine if you are quite tall, but this new ratio explains better whether you are healthy or not.
Going forward we will see officlal institutions and governments move away from using BMI and move to using other measures. Measuring your health or success as a runner can thus better be done by pure weight loss, by changes in your clothing sizes, your belly fat, the time spent running etc. rather than by BMI. You can still use it as a gauge, but by no means feel controlled by it as there are many, many people for whome this calculation is past its' due date!
Functions And Limitations Of The Bmi Calculator
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What is Seen to be the Ideal Score
When you have a score of 20 to 25 you are seen to be of normal weight. Anything over 25 is overweight and over 30 is obese. Under 20 is considered to be unhealthy as well, because you are deemed to be scrawny--that is, unhealthy light-weight. You probably lack energy and are in need of muscle.
Shortcomings of the BMI calculator
If you are a runner who is going to use the BMI calculator to determine whether or not you are fit, healthy, or having success with your running or fitness program, you need to be aware of some shortcomings of the BMI calculation. First of all, Quetelet lived in the 1800s. People looked and lived differently back then. People were generally a lot shorter.
The BMI calculator assumes an average lifestyle to begin with. This means it assumes that you are, for the most part, sedentary, with almost all of your physical exercise coming from walking, working etc. It also assumes that you eat a typical modern diet, which as we know by now is not all that good for keeping off the unwanted pounds.
BMI Calculator: Problem with Runners
If you are a runner, you are not the average person. You don't have a sedentary lifestyle and you will typically have made some conscious dietary choices as well. You will also drink more water than the average person today, and water consumption is well known for aiding weight loss. Now, this means that the BMI calculator could be problematic for you as a runner. It may show that you are "scrawny" when in fact it's obvious that you are all slender muscles and filled with vitality and energy.
There are other potential problems that you may face if you use the BMI calculator as an indicator of health and wellness.
BMI calculator: Problem with Older People
Older people (people over 60) tend to lose an inch or two off of their height as they age, but they don't lose weight as readily as they did when they were younger. Therefore, if you're an older runner, the BMI calculator may show that you are "out of shape", probably "overweight" when in fact you are not.
BMI calculator: Problem with an "ectomorph" body type
Some people are naturally just not as apt to put on weight as other people, yet they are not unhealthy at all. Asian people tend to fall into this category more often than other races. So if you are Asian, or if you know that you are an "ectomorph" body type, the BMI calculator may say you are in the 20 to 25 range while you are truly overweight (you have too much fat tissue, not enough lean muscle). Likewise, it may tell you that you are "scrawny" when in fact, pound for pound, you are quite strong.
BMI calculator: Problem with Tall People
Tall people (basically those over 6 ft. tall) don't do well with the BMI calculator. The calculation just doesn't consider them realistically enough, because back in the days of Quetelet, he did not have those people around to test his calculation!
BMI calculator: Problem with Muscular People
People who are quite muscular don't do well with the BMI calculator, because muscle weighs more than fat. So, athletically muscular people very often turn out "overweight". Many of the elite 100-metre sprinters today are, based on BMI, overweight. Only Usain "Lightning" Bolt probably has a healthy BMI. He baffles scientists exactly because of that. He is considered to be not muscular enough for the speed he runs at!
It is interesting to see that such a widely-adopted measure has got so many shortcomings for so many people. The body-mass index is simply out of date. Many governments however have not moved with the times yet and use this as a main measure for the health of their population.
It is good to see that the New Zealand government has recently made some changes. It now uses a measure of the hip size and waist size as it has been proven that the ratio between those is very indicative of heart and cardiovascular problems later in life. And this makes sense: if you carry too much belly fat for your posture you are in trouble. Based on BMI all may still be fine if you are quite tall, but this new ratio explains better whether you are healthy or not.
Going forward we will see officlal institutions and governments move away from using BMI and move to using other measures. Measuring your health or success as a runner can thus better be done by pure weight loss, by changes in your clothing sizes, your belly fat, the time spent running etc. rather than by BMI. You can still use it as a gauge, but by no means feel controlled by it as there are many, many people for whome this calculation is past its' due date!
Functions And Limitations Of The Bmi Calculator
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Free Online Police Auctions-Replica Watches
Did you know there s a wealth of savings to be had when purchasing goods or items from free online police auctions No matter what you need or what you re looking for, you re bound to find them in an auction.
A police auction is a collection of items confiscated by police departments around the world from bad guys or nefarious activities that may include but is not limited to illegal trafficking, DEA drug busts, car thefts, jewelry heists and black-market trader goods that have been gathered by law enforcement personnel.
In most cases, goods or items are confiscated assets or property of criminals who are not often in a position to ever use them again.
What kind of deals can a person find in a free police auction The possibilities are nearly endless! Sports cars, sporting goods, a multitude of used car models, seized equipment and tools, military surplus goods and yes, even a garbage disposal or two.
Stereo equipment, speakers, gold watches and musical instruments are often auctioned off, as is property and land. So if you want a good deal on a sale, check out free online police auctions. You can find them anywhere. Just type in free online police auctions and you ll be directed to numerous online sites, even Canadian police auctions.
In many states, the local Sheriff may also hold online auctions in his or her county, and buyers can save big on tax with these also. So whether you re looking for a cheap motor for your boat or car, or you want to see what you can find in just about any state in the U.S., from California to Maine, an online auction is the place to do it.
In many cities and towns, the local police department may be able to advise you of their own online auctions, which may or may not be advertised in local papers.
Some of the most popular items that people find on online police auctions are tools, weapons (like swords and yes, complete suits of armor) toys, jewelry, car audio equipment and art. There s no telling what you might find in property, land, auto or other collections.
Items at police auctions can be had for as little as a dollar, while other items may go for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Regardless, you know you ll save money at an auction, so keep them in mind the next time you re looking for something particular.
In some cases, an online police auction may also offer electronic equipment, fine art, coins, stamps and just about anything someone might want to collect, as well as collectibles such as sports memorabilia, comic books and historical documents and artifacts. From spy gear to pottery, online police auctions will never cease to amaze.
While you re looking sign up for newsletters or updates on the latest news regarding your favorite online police auctions so you can place your bids on stuff you ve been looking for. Don t pay top dollar when you can probably find it for less through free online police auctions.
Free Online Police Auctions
Previous：Fhtm ? The Best Way To Make Money In Today?s World
A police auction is a collection of items confiscated by police departments around the world from bad guys or nefarious activities that may include but is not limited to illegal trafficking, DEA drug busts, car thefts, jewelry heists and black-market trader goods that have been gathered by law enforcement personnel.
In most cases, goods or items are confiscated assets or property of criminals who are not often in a position to ever use them again.
What kind of deals can a person find in a free police auction The possibilities are nearly endless! Sports cars, sporting goods, a multitude of used car models, seized equipment and tools, military surplus goods and yes, even a garbage disposal or two.
Stereo equipment, speakers, gold watches and musical instruments are often auctioned off, as is property and land. So if you want a good deal on a sale, check out free online police auctions. You can find them anywhere. Just type in free online police auctions and you ll be directed to numerous online sites, even Canadian police auctions.
In many states, the local Sheriff may also hold online auctions in his or her county, and buyers can save big on tax with these also. So whether you re looking for a cheap motor for your boat or car, or you want to see what you can find in just about any state in the U.S., from California to Maine, an online auction is the place to do it.
In many cities and towns, the local police department may be able to advise you of their own online auctions, which may or may not be advertised in local papers.
Some of the most popular items that people find on online police auctions are tools, weapons (like swords and yes, complete suits of armor) toys, jewelry, car audio equipment and art. There s no telling what you might find in property, land, auto or other collections.
Items at police auctions can be had for as little as a dollar, while other items may go for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Regardless, you know you ll save money at an auction, so keep them in mind the next time you re looking for something particular.
In some cases, an online police auction may also offer electronic equipment, fine art, coins, stamps and just about anything someone might want to collect, as well as collectibles such as sports memorabilia, comic books and historical documents and artifacts. From spy gear to pottery, online police auctions will never cease to amaze.
While you re looking sign up for newsletters or updates on the latest news regarding your favorite online police auctions so you can place your bids on stuff you ve been looking for. Don t pay top dollar when you can probably find it for less through free online police auctions.
Free Online Police Auctions
Previous：Fhtm ? The Best Way To Make Money In Today?s World
Fluorite Gemstone-symbolism And Meaning-Replica Watches
Probably everybody has seen fluorite at least once in his/her life. If you saw it somewhere in a gift shop or jewelry store, you would hardly have any problem distinguishing it from any other stone or crystal. This is due to fluorite's vivid colors which are so distinct and special and at the same time so gentle, soft, and colorful, that no other crystal or semi precious stone can match them. Its specific charm originates from these tones and color patterns making it a very pleasant stone for the eyes and a gladly seen guest in every mineral or crystal collection. This mineral can have many nuances of diverse colors simultaneously but, in most cases, you will be able to see fluorite with purple, white, green or gray tones.
Fluorite stones are excellent metaphysical tools to be used in self healing and meditation. One of fluorite's distinguished features is seen on the mental level where it can have beneficial influence on the cognitive processes. It can be used when we want to clear up, sharpen and increase our intellectual capacities or if we have problems with concentration and focusing. Concentration is an ability of directing our attention at some thing or process without loosing our focus for a prolonged period of time. If you have diminished ability to concentrate, if your focus is constantly shifting from one thing to the other, fluorite can help you in improving in this area. Picture one single thought or one single object in your mind while holding a fluorite stone in each of your hands. Try to see how effectively you can focus on it, without allowing other thought or mental images to interfere. In time, your ability to concentrate will increase.
Many people believe that just purchasing a certain stone is enough to deal with some problem or condition, or that just having a certain stone around will bring automatic improvements in some areas of our lives. For example it is believed that fluorite is good crystal for the cardiovascular system, against arteriosclerosis, arthritis and asthma, as well as for reestablishing proper functioning on cellular level. While it is true that each crystal or stone can have some specific influences and meaning, our conscious participation in the process of self healing or self improving is required. Crystals and stones are no miracle tools -- they can help us balance our energies but it is essential that we make use of our consciousness and our will in the healing process. On the psychic and spiritual levels, fluorite can help us improve our intuition by strengthening the link that exists between our conscious and super conscious mind, provided that you learn how to meditate with it. The benefits of fluorite meditation include a speed up of our personal growth.
This stone has another remarkable feature. Its crystal structure possesses an octahedral arrangement which is a powerful metaphysical shape. You can even picture this double pyramidal shape on the inner screen of your mind and meditate on it while holding fluorite stones.
Like so many beneficial metaphysical crystals, fluorite stones can and indeed do absorb negative vibration during the typical self healing seances and crystal therapy sessions. The standard method of water cleansing works very well with fluorite. What one typically does after the purification process, is to charge the fluorite crystal with energy coming from some natural energy source, like the Sun, the Moon or the Earth. Afterwards your crystals and stones will be ready to donate their constant, steady and beneficial vibration to you, brighten your thoughts and emotions and help you achieve your constructive and positive goals.
Fluorite Gemstone-symbolism And Meaning
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Fluorite stones are excellent metaphysical tools to be used in self healing and meditation. One of fluorite's distinguished features is seen on the mental level where it can have beneficial influence on the cognitive processes. It can be used when we want to clear up, sharpen and increase our intellectual capacities or if we have problems with concentration and focusing. Concentration is an ability of directing our attention at some thing or process without loosing our focus for a prolonged period of time. If you have diminished ability to concentrate, if your focus is constantly shifting from one thing to the other, fluorite can help you in improving in this area. Picture one single thought or one single object in your mind while holding a fluorite stone in each of your hands. Try to see how effectively you can focus on it, without allowing other thought or mental images to interfere. In time, your ability to concentrate will increase.
Many people believe that just purchasing a certain stone is enough to deal with some problem or condition, or that just having a certain stone around will bring automatic improvements in some areas of our lives. For example it is believed that fluorite is good crystal for the cardiovascular system, against arteriosclerosis, arthritis and asthma, as well as for reestablishing proper functioning on cellular level. While it is true that each crystal or stone can have some specific influences and meaning, our conscious participation in the process of self healing or self improving is required. Crystals and stones are no miracle tools -- they can help us balance our energies but it is essential that we make use of our consciousness and our will in the healing process. On the psychic and spiritual levels, fluorite can help us improve our intuition by strengthening the link that exists between our conscious and super conscious mind, provided that you learn how to meditate with it. The benefits of fluorite meditation include a speed up of our personal growth.
This stone has another remarkable feature. Its crystal structure possesses an octahedral arrangement which is a powerful metaphysical shape. You can even picture this double pyramidal shape on the inner screen of your mind and meditate on it while holding fluorite stones.
Like so many beneficial metaphysical crystals, fluorite stones can and indeed do absorb negative vibration during the typical self healing seances and crystal therapy sessions. The standard method of water cleansing works very well with fluorite. What one typically does after the purification process, is to charge the fluorite crystal with energy coming from some natural energy source, like the Sun, the Moon or the Earth. Afterwards your crystals and stones will be ready to donate their constant, steady and beneficial vibration to you, brighten your thoughts and emotions and help you achieve your constructive and positive goals.
Fluorite Gemstone-symbolism And Meaning
Previous：Different Design Ideas For A Celtic Engagement Ring
Finding The Right Stuff For Your Home-Replica Watches
Are you trying to run your own business out of your home or are you a government or company employee who has the option to work from home Working at home has many benefits, including more time spent with family and no money spent on office rental. Maybe you're one of the many people who have embraced the idea of becoming an Internet entrepreneur. Yes, it's time to set up a home office - in a manner that is conducive and productive for you to work in, with a minimum of noise and distraction.
Finding a space for your home office will depend on the type of work you want to accomplish. If you need to be on the phone during the day (in your time zone), you can set up a computer desk with file storage in the living or dining room, which are usually quiet during the day. If you need more work surfaces - like getting those items you sold on EBay wrapped for shipment - you'll be more comfortable in the den or basement. Working in the evenings while the family watches TV in the living room Set up a desk in your bedroom so you can work quietly.
Once you have chosen the best area, consider putting up wall shelves to save space on your flat desk surface. Also think about using a laptop or one of the new "miniature" computers with a thin flat screen monitor. More space can be created by attaching the house phone to the wall or using your computer to make phone calls, eliminating the need for a phone on your desk.
Plan your home office carefully. The right equipment and office furniture will save you time, effort, and money, not to mention back or wrist pain. According to a recent survey, nearly 75% of home business owners didn't have a designated room for their home office with the right office furniture.
The most important choices concern the computer desk, an office chair, storage and lighting.
A computer desk is the keystone of your home office. Nowadays, new computer desks come with many space-saving features and enough built-in storage to transform a small space in your apartment or house into a convenient and productive office space. A corner computer desk can be easily accommodated in almost any room. The style of desk you choose depends on the type of work you do. If you have to work with papers, the right computer desk will give you enough room for your computer and keyboard as well as sufficient flat surface for paperwork. For additional flat surfaces, consider adding an extra wing or curve to your desk. If you often use books, binders or thick heavy manuals, you may choose a computer desk with a hutch for shelving or closed cabinet space for easy access to printed materials and office supplies without losing any of the valuable flat surfaces.
The right office chair does more than give you a way to sit at the computer. It can also save your back, neck, and shoulders, and prevent carpal tunnel syndrome by putting you at the right height relative to your keyboard and monitor. If clients will be coming to your home, make sure you have comfortable seating for them as well.
Where are you going to keep your files, office supplies and/or product inventory Storage space is vital if you want to keep your work surfaces neat and clean. From a file drawer in your desk to file cabinets, shelving units, bookcases, and storage cabinets and lockers, the available configurations mean there's something that will work for you. And it's so much easier to think when you don't have to take boxes off your computer before sitting down to work. (You might also think about going 'paperless' on your bills and paying them over the computer.)
Also, remember to have proper lighting, both in daytime and at night. Don't place a desk so that direct sunlight hits your computer monitor - you won't be able to see! And have a good bright lamp on or near the desk to avoid eye strain.
To give your home office a professional appearance, get creative. Paint the wall a peaceful color, decorate with artwork or framed photos, and add a touch of green with potted plants or a sunny touch with bright flowers. A small effort will reward you with an enhanced image when a client steps into your home office. The Right Stuff for your home office means you'll be happier and more productive there, too.
Finding The Right Stuff For Your Home
Previous：Fashion Jewelry Trends - Cz Animal Rings
Finding a space for your home office will depend on the type of work you want to accomplish. If you need to be on the phone during the day (in your time zone), you can set up a computer desk with file storage in the living or dining room, which are usually quiet during the day. If you need more work surfaces - like getting those items you sold on EBay wrapped for shipment - you'll be more comfortable in the den or basement. Working in the evenings while the family watches TV in the living room Set up a desk in your bedroom so you can work quietly.
Once you have chosen the best area, consider putting up wall shelves to save space on your flat desk surface. Also think about using a laptop or one of the new "miniature" computers with a thin flat screen monitor. More space can be created by attaching the house phone to the wall or using your computer to make phone calls, eliminating the need for a phone on your desk.
Plan your home office carefully. The right equipment and office furniture will save you time, effort, and money, not to mention back or wrist pain. According to a recent survey, nearly 75% of home business owners didn't have a designated room for their home office with the right office furniture.
The most important choices concern the computer desk, an office chair, storage and lighting.
A computer desk is the keystone of your home office. Nowadays, new computer desks come with many space-saving features and enough built-in storage to transform a small space in your apartment or house into a convenient and productive office space. A corner computer desk can be easily accommodated in almost any room. The style of desk you choose depends on the type of work you do. If you have to work with papers, the right computer desk will give you enough room for your computer and keyboard as well as sufficient flat surface for paperwork. For additional flat surfaces, consider adding an extra wing or curve to your desk. If you often use books, binders or thick heavy manuals, you may choose a computer desk with a hutch for shelving or closed cabinet space for easy access to printed materials and office supplies without losing any of the valuable flat surfaces.
The right office chair does more than give you a way to sit at the computer. It can also save your back, neck, and shoulders, and prevent carpal tunnel syndrome by putting you at the right height relative to your keyboard and monitor. If clients will be coming to your home, make sure you have comfortable seating for them as well.
Where are you going to keep your files, office supplies and/or product inventory Storage space is vital if you want to keep your work surfaces neat and clean. From a file drawer in your desk to file cabinets, shelving units, bookcases, and storage cabinets and lockers, the available configurations mean there's something that will work for you. And it's so much easier to think when you don't have to take boxes off your computer before sitting down to work. (You might also think about going 'paperless' on your bills and paying them over the computer.)
Also, remember to have proper lighting, both in daytime and at night. Don't place a desk so that direct sunlight hits your computer monitor - you won't be able to see! And have a good bright lamp on or near the desk to avoid eye strain.
To give your home office a professional appearance, get creative. Paint the wall a peaceful color, decorate with artwork or framed photos, and add a touch of green with potted plants or a sunny touch with bright flowers. A small effort will reward you with an enhanced image when a client steps into your home office. The Right Stuff for your home office means you'll be happier and more productive there, too.
Finding The Right Stuff For Your Home
Previous：Fashion Jewelry Trends - Cz Animal Rings
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